In response to the problems of low fertilizer application efficiency, poor operation quality, and uneven application of fertilizer by domestic tea garden trenching and fertilizing machines, an automatic depth-adjusting double screw trenching and fertilizing machine was designed. The machine uses a double spiral furrowing and fertilizer application method, which can complete the integrated operation of furrowing, fertilizer application, and mulching at one time. The key components of the machine such as the screw-type fertilizer discharger, trenching, and fertilizer application mechanism are designed using theoretical analysis, and the trenching depth is automatically adjusted through the hydraulic control system to maintain a consistent depth. A single-factor test and a quadratic regression rotary orthogonal test were conducted to select the diameter of the spiral fertilizer discharger, the rotational speed of the spiral fertilizer discharger, and the rotational speed of the trenching and fertilizer application mechanisms. Based on these tests, the fertilizer application performance of the fertilizer machine was evaluated, and a mathematical model of the fertilizer application volume and coefficient of variation was established. The influence of the test factors on the coefficient of variation was also analyzed. In the study, 58.36 and 480.35 r/min were found to be the optimal rotational speeds for spiral fertilizer discharge and trenching and fertilizer application, respectively, while 88.90 mm was found to be the optimal diameter for spiral fertilizer discharge. The coefficient of variation for the spiral fertilizer discharge was 3.95%, which meets the tea plantation’s fertilizer application requirements.
Chinese tea has a long history, and the development level of tea mechanization in this country is in the leading position internationally. Equipment for the tea processing craft is one of the most widely used types in China; indispensable technology is used for high-quality tea in the relevant tea processing equipment. The performance of tea processing equipment is always a focus when it is being used. Meanwhile, research evaluating the performance of tea processing equipment has been rarely reported. Thus, it is important to find a methodology to evaluate the performance of equipment for the tea processing craft. In this paper, a new method of rough set theory, as well as a radar chart for quality evaluation of tea processed by different tea processing crafts, is created. Firstly, the important indexes of processed tea are presented, including moisture, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, caffeine, and vitamin C. Then, these indexes for nine different types of processed tea based on different tea processing crafts are experimented and detected. Thirdly, rough set theory and radar chart are adopted to solving the weight of each index and establishing comprehensive evaluation diagram of all kinds of samples. Then, the merit of samples can be achieved. Meanwhile, the best tea processing equipment craft can be also obtained through comparisons between the sensory evaluation and the radar chart. It is concluded that sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4 belong to the best processing samples, and it is verified that the far-infrared radiation tea green removing machine has a significant influence on tea processing equipment craft. In addition, from the comprehensive analysis of green tea sample, not only tea quality but equipment craft of tea processing can be analyzed.
Aiming at the problems of low fertilization efficiency, mainly the process operation and inconsistent fertilization depth of domestic tea garden fertilizer machines, a single-spiral fixed depth ditching and fertilizing machine is appropriately designed. This machine is capable of performing the integrated operation of ditching, fertilization, and covering soil at the same time through the operation mode of single-spiral ditching and fertilization. The theoretical analysis and design of the structure of the main components are properly carried out. The fertilization depth can be adjusted through the established depth control system. The performance test reveals that the single-spiral ditching and fertilizing machine exhibits a maximum stability coefficient of 96.17% and a minimum of 94.29% in terms of trenching depth and a maximum of 94.23% and a minimum of 93.58% in terms of fertilization uniformity, meeting the production requirements of tea plantations.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with various chemometrics methods was tried to identify the fresh tea leaves at different altitudes quickly and nondestructively. Three kinds of samples were collected, then scanning NIRS, conducting spectral preprocessing to remove noise information, using backward interval partial least squares to screen characteristic spectral intervals, going on principal component analysis, respectively. Finally, least squares support vector machine method (LS-SVM) was applied to establish NIRS models, whose robustness was tested by prediction set samples. The best pretreated method was the combination of multivariate scattering correction and the first derivative. Six characteristic spectral intervals were screened, and the corresponding spectral wavenumbers were 4821.
Aiming at the problems of low fertilization efficiency, mostly single process operation and inconsistent fertilization depth of domestic tea garden fertilizing machine, a single spiral fixed depth ditching and fertilizing machine was designed. The machine can complete the integrated operation of ditching, fertilization and covering soil at one time through the operation mode of single spiral ditching and fertilization. The theoretical analysis and structure design of its key core components are carried out. The depth of fertilization can be consistent through the established depth control system. The performance test shows that the single spiral ditching and fertilizing machine has a maximum stability coefficient of 96.17% and a minimum of 94.29% in terms of trenching depth, and a maximum of 94.23% and a minimum of 93.58% in terms of fertilization uniformity, meeting the requirements of tea plantation production.
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