The goal of the investigation was to study the protective effects of the SWGEDWGEIW (the single peptide, TSP) from soybean peptides (SBP) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis together with mitochondrial dysfunction in PC-12 cells and their possible implications to protection mechanism. Meanwhile, the SBP was used as a control experiment. The results suggested that SBP and TSP significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited cellular oxidative damage and ROS-mediated apoptosis. In addition, SBP and TSP also enhanced multiple mitochondrial biological activities, decreased mitochondrial ROS levels, amplified mitochondrial respiration, increased cellular maximal respiration, spare respiration capacity, and ATP production. In addition, SBP and TSP significantly (p < 0.05) raised the SIRT3 protein expression and the downstream functional gene FOXO3a. In the above activity tests, the activity of TSP was slightly higher than that of SBP. Taken together, our findings suggested that SBP and TSP can be used as promising nutrients for oxidative damage reduction in neurons, and TSP is more effective than SBP. Therefore, TSP has the potential to replace SBP and reduce neuronal oxidative damage.
The periodic whole cross-section model and the periodic unit duct model were
established, and the differences between two models were discussed. The
effects of shell wall and baffle edges on the shell side performance of the
heat exchanger with trefoil-hole baffle were investigated using both models.
Thermodynamics in the shell side and heat transfer coefficient of each tube
in different position were discussed. It is found that disparities between
the results of the two numerical models decreases with the increase of the
inner shell diameter. When the shell diameter is 0.8 m, the disparity is
less than 10%, which means that the effects of the shell wall and the edges
of baffles become weaker. When the shell diameter is less than 0.8 m,
modified correlations for the periodic unit duct model are introduced to
quantitatively reveal the effects of shell wall and baffle edges on
thermodynamics with the variations of the shell diameter and baffle spacing.
The fluid flow velocities at specific locations on the shell side were
measured using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter system. The accuracy of the
numerical simulation method was verified by the experimental results.
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