toxin-induced apoptosis. BL22 cytotoxicity was markedly enhanced when combined with anticancer drugs including vincristine. We also investigated HA22, a newly engineered immunotoxin, in which BL22 residues are mutated to improve target binding. HA22 was more active than BL22. In conclusion, these immunotoxins induce caspase-mediated apoptosis involving mitochondrial damage. Combination with chemotherapy is expected to improve the efficacy of immunotoxin treatment.
Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine whether low intratumoral doses of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand-transforming growth factor ␣ (TGF-␣) fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin (TGF-␣-PE38)-abrogated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.Experimental Design: In vitro cytotoxicity assays were carried out to determine the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to TGF-␣-PE38. TGF-␣-PE38-treated HNSCC cells were examined by immunoblotting for cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to evaluate apoptosis. Nude mice bearing established HNSCC xenografts were treated with several doses of TGF-␣-PE38 to evaluate the antitumor efficacy in vivo. Tumor sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling for apoptosis. To determine the effect of oral administration of TGF-␣-PE38, gavage injections of TGF-␣-PE38 were administered, and the esophagus and surrounding soft tissue were then stained for apoptotic cells.Results: HNSCC cell lines examined were sensitive to low doses of TGF-␣-PE38 (EC 50 in the range of 1.6 to 10 ng/mL). HNSCC cells treated with TGF-␣-PE38 undergo apoptosis. Antitumor effects were observed using 0.1 and 0.03 g of TGF-␣-PE38 administered intratumorally. At these doses, the treatment was well tolerated. Tumors treated with the toxin had a higher number of apoptotic cells compared with the control tumors. No apoptotic cells were observed in the pharyngoesophageal tissues of the mice after gavage administration of the toxin suggesting that the toxin could be orally administered without toxicity.Conclusions: These results indicate that topical or intratumoral administration of low doses of TGF-␣-PE38 may demonstrate antitumor effects in HNSCC without associated systemic toxicity.
This paper studied wettability of water strider’s typical part, contact angle of water strider’s leg, abdomen, back and wing was measured by the contact angle measuring instrumen, which were 161.5°,156.3°,157.6°and 156.4°respectively, they showed superhydrophobic. Microstructure of water strider’s leg, abdomen, back and wing was observed through scanning electron microscopy, It found that 4 typical parts of water strider are composite structure of micron scale and nano-scale, although their forms is different, they have reached the super-hydrophobic effect.
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