The change in landscape patterns caused by urbanization is one of the main reasons for the degradation of global ecosystem services. Reducing the negative impact of rapid urbanization on ecosystems and promoting the coordinated development of cities and ecosystems have become a hot topic around the world. Based on Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI database papers, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis of ecosystem services research against the background of global urbanization from 2000 to 2022. At the same time, the research hot spots, regional distribution, research trends, and research contents are summarized by taking China as the key research area. The results show that: (1) the research hot spots of ecosystem services against the background of urbanization are generally the same in China and the world. Both of them are based on landscape pattern or land use; the research scale is from macro to micro; and the research method is from static to dynamic. (2) From the perspective of ecosystem service types, the four types of ecosystem service have been studied in China and other parts of the world, but there are differences in the specific types, quantity, and regional distribution. (3) Whether in China or other regions of the world, the studies on the trade-offs of ecosystem services against the background of urbanization are mainly at medium and large scales. Finally, ecosystem service bundles research, systematic thinking, and the combination of ecosystem services and territorial spatial planning against the background of urbanization are pointed out as key aspects of future research.
Bioclimatic design can effectively affect the environmental thermal comfort level through changing the surface of the study area. Using Zhengzhou Beach Park as a case study, the impact of three different bioclimatic design methods (changing pavement only, changing design only and changing both pavement and design) on outdoor thermal comfort, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed under the Envi-met model is quantitatively analysed. The results show that the three bioclimatic design schemes significantly affect the Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) of the site. The overall decrease in PMV average after pavement renovation pavement renovation is about 0.03, the overall increase in PMV average after design renovation design renovation is about 0.01, and the overall PMV average decrease after combined renovation is about 0.02.The relation among different PMV values and occupied areas under different bioclimatic design backgrounds is quantified, and the difference-value of climate index change were visualized for the first time. This study firstly uses a series of figures to show different trends of PMV and their area changes under the background of different transformation modes, which can effectively promote the refinement of the research on biological climate design
Park soundscape construction is an important method to improve the quality of urban environments. At present, the studies on soundscape mostly focus on the evaluation of soundscape indexes and the accuracy analysis of model simulations of actual sites, but the research on small-scale soundscape characteristic spaces is inadequate. Based on a Back Propagation(BP) neural network model, we predict and evaluate the sound comfort in a park. The results show that: (1) The distribution trends of measured and predicted sound comfort values in different scenes (space type, plant type, functional area and sound source type) are relatively consistent. (2) A sound comfort of the park is space dependent. The sound landscape design of small-scale characteristic space is of great significance to improve the environmental quality. (3) The evaluation of emotional acoustics has obvious correlation with sound comfort. (4) The soundscape planning process based on BP neural network is clearly proposed. The research results are of great significance to promote soundscape evaluation and planning based on the evaluation results.
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