Core Ideas Cultivar with high square biomass for individual and whole plant had higher insecticidal protein content. The increased square biomass by mepiquat chloride application enhaced Bt protein concentration. The decreased square biomass by nitrogen deficit reduced square Bt protein concentration. The square insecticidal protein concentration relates to its biomass. Bt transgenic cotton has been cultivated in China and many other cotton production areas in the world. However, the insecticidal efficacy is often low for the reproductive organs, especially for the cultivars with a big boll in China. The objective of the study focused on the effect of square biomass on the Bt protein concentration during the squaring period for Bt cotton. In the variety effect study in 2015 and 2016, two hybrid Bt cultivars (Sikang3 and Sumian29) and two conventional Bt cultivars (Sikang1 and Nucotn33B) were compared for square biomass and Bt toxin content from 15 to 25 d after square appearance (DASP) during the cotton growing seasons. Cultivars with high square biomass for individual and whole plant had higher insecticidal protein content. In the cultural practice effect study in 2017, the experiment of mepiquat chloride (MC) dose and different nitrogen deficit extents were designed to further investigate the relationship between square biomass and square Bt protein concentration. The MC application significantly increased square mass and square Bt protein content. In contrast, the nitrogen deficit decreased square mass together with square insecticidal protein concentration. The positive correlation between square biomass (the individual square biomass and the square biomass per plant) and square insecticidal protein content was highly significant in variety study and cultural practice study. The results indicated that increment of square development by variety selection and cultural practice could increase insect resistance during squaring period of Bt cotton.
Through symbolical building images of “the sky were round and the earth square”, “the sun and the moon shines together” etc, the core area of Hangzhou CBD created an specially architectural landscape. It provides an fantastic life scene for us. This article researches on the space and environment formed by Hangzhou Citizen Center, Hangzhou Grand Theatre, Hangzhou International Conference Center, “the Cultural Plaza”, “Civic Square”, “City Balcony” and emphatically analyzes the design methods and space characteristics and offers an reference for architectural environment design.
This research selected Z-shaped section column joints in RC frame as the investigating object and considered the mechanical parameters extracted from physical model test results, proposed the finite element model of concrete damaged plasticity. Combining concrete damage plasticity model parameters on ABAQUS of concrete constitutive relationship from appendix C of Code for design of concrete structures (GB50010-2010), add the concept of damage factor to Energy equivalence principle, construct finite element model of Z-shaped column joints in RC frame, and simulated the test process under horizontal cyclic loading. The analysis results indicate that the finite element model can perfectly simulate action. It can reflect the mechanical properties of Z-shaped column joints in frame under horizontal cyclic loading, which is proved correct and reliable.
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