The understanding of nanomaterials for targeted cancer therapy is of great importance as physical parameters of nanomaterials have been shown to be strong determinants that can promote cellular responses. However, there have been rare platforms that can vastly tune the core of nanoparticles at a molecular level despite various nanomaterials employed in such studies. Here we show targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Zr(IV)-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles. Through a bottom-up approach, the size of MOF nanoparticles was precisely tuned in a broad range with a designed functional motif, built upon selection of building blocks of the MOF. In particular, molecular properties of the porphyrinic linker are maintained in the MOF nanoparticles regardless of their sizes. Therefore, size-dependent cellular uptake and ensuing PDT allowed for screening of the optimal size of MOF nanoparticles for PDT while MOF nanoparticle formulation of the photosensitizer showed better PDT efficacy than that of its small molecule. Additionally, Zr6 clusters in the MOF enabled an active targeting modality through postsynthetic modification, giving even more enhanced PDT efficacy. Together with our finding of size controllability covering a broad range in the nano regime, we envision that MOFs can be a promising nanoplatform by adopting advanced small molecule systems into the tunable framework with room for postsynthetic modification.

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Malignant tumors pose a heavy threat to human health. In article number 2001704, Zhiqing Pang, Wuli Yang, and co‐workers present a multifunctional nanoplatform integrating platelet membrane with dual ferroptosis inducers for high‐performance ferroptosis‐enhanced immunotherapy of tumors. The biomimetic nanoparticles can not only make tumor ablation by ferroptosis, but also further awaken and boost immune cells to join forces to fight tumors.

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This study demonstrates the first exploitation of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as the matrix for constructing integrated dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors for in vivo measurement of neurochemicals, such as glucose. In this study, we find that ZIFs are able to serve as a matrix for coimmobilizing electrocatalysts (i.e., methylene green, MG) and dehydrogenases (i.e., glucose dehydrogenase, GDH) onto the electrode surface and an integrated electrochemical biosensor is readily formed. We synthesize a series of ZIFs, including ZIF-7, ZIF-8, ZIF-67, ZIF-68, and ZIF-70 with different pore sizes, surface areas, and functional groups. The adsorption capabilities toward MG and GDH of these ZIFs are systematically studied with UV-vis spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and Fourier transfer-infrared spectroscopy. Among all the ZIFs demonstrated here, ZIF-70 shows excellent adsorption capacities toward both MG and GDH and is thus employed as the matrix for our glucose biosensor. To construct the biosensor, we first drop-coat a MG/ZIF-70 composite onto a glassy carbon electrode and then coat GDH onto the MG/ZIF-70 composite. In a continuous-flow system, the as-prepared ZIF-based biosensor is very sensitive to glucose with a linear range of 0.1-2 mM. Moreover, the ZIF-based biosensor is more highly selective on glucose than on other endogenous electroactive species in the cerebral system. In the end, we demonstrate that our biosensor is capable of monitoring dialysate glucose collected from the brain of guinea pigs selectively and in a near real-time pattern.

Development of a photosensitizing system that can reversibly control the generation of singlet oxygen ((1) O2 ) is of great interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently several photosensitizer-photochromic-switch dyads were reported as a potential means of the (1) O2 control in PDT. However, the delivery of such a homogeneous molecular dyad as designed (e.g., optimal molar ratio) is extremely challenging in living systems. Herein we show a Zr-MOF nanoplatform, demonstrating energy transfer-based (1) O2 controlled PDT. Our strategy allows for tuning the ratios between photosensitizer and the switch molecule, enabling maximum control of (1) O2 generation. Meanwhile, the MOF provides proximal placement of the functional entities for efficient intermolecular energy transfer. As a result, the MOF nanoparticle formulation showed enhanced PDT efficacy with superior (1) O2 control compared to that of homogeneous molecular analogues.

A waveguide-based retrieval method for measuring complex permittivity and permeability tensors of metamaterials is presented. In the proposed scheme, multiple independent sets of scattering data for the material under test with different orientations are measured in the frequency range corresponding to the dominant TE(10) mode. The method is applied to various metamaterials and shows its effectiveness in the effective parameters extraction.