Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 472 (LINC00472), miR-149-3p, and miR-4270 were found to be involved in tumor activities, suggesting potential roles in NSCLC. Thus, this study aimed to examine the ability of LINC00472 to influence the progression of NSCLC with the involvement of miR-149-3p and miR-4270. Initially, differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), downstream regulatory miRNAs, and genes related to NSCLC were identified. Next, the interaction among LINC00472, miR-149-3p and miR-4270, and KLLN and the p53-signaling pathway was determined. The effect of LINC00472 on the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin was examined through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Lastly, the effects of LINC00472 on NSCLC tumor growth were assessed in vivo . LINC00472 and KLLN were found to exhibit low levels, while miR-149-3p and miR-4270 were highly expressed in NSCLC. In addition, the overexpression of LINC00472 was observed to upregulate KLLN and activate the p53-signaling pathway, which ultimately inhibited the invasion, migration, and EMT of NSCLC cells via miR-149-3p and miR-4270, corresponding to decreased N-cadherin and Vimentin and increased E-cadherin. The overexpression of LINC00472 exerted an inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo . Taken together, the key evidence suggests that the overexpression of LINC00472 can downregulate miR-149-3p and miR-4270 to upregulate KLLN and activate the p53-signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the development of NSCLC. This study highlights the potential of LINC00472 as a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Tianjin University of Technology and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 C Optical models directly effect the irradiance distribution of observed surface. Traditionally, approximate Lambertian models are widely used in designing the light-emitting diodes (LED) arrays in spite of their errors compared with the experimental data. But now a novel LED optical model for uniform illumination system has been proposed, in which the curvefitting technique is used to reduce the inherited errors and modify those previous models. The points from the curve of the LED light intensity are adopted, and a spline curve is designed for fitting, which obtains the revised mode. To verify its feasibility, we apply the new model in a 4 4 array design. The results show that compared with the approximate Lambertian, the light intensity distribution produced by the fitting model is more uniform and intense, as is expected.Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting, with merits of saving energy, longer life and environment protection, has a wide application foreground. As an important technique innovation for lighting LEDs will replace the traditional incandescent, fluorescent and gas discharge lamps, and become dominant in lighting market in the foreseeable future. LEDs have many favorable characteristics, including small volume, lower power consumption, instant power-on capacity, and absence of mercury or any other form of toxic substance [1][2][3] . For the improvements in the luminous flux, LEDs are used in new applications, such as indoor plant cultivation [4] , displays [5] and biomedicine [6] . However, though the luminous flux of every modern high-power LED is up to 150 lm, several LEDs cannot produce a practical power without permutation and combination. Therefore, the arrangement of the LED must be designed reasonably, otherwise it will cause glare and wasted energy. The perceived illumination uniformity depends on the factors such as the distance from the observed surface to the target field, the optical models of the light sources, background luminance, and reflectance, pattern and color of target. Typically, a single LED is optically modeled on realistic numerical models or on measurementbased models [7][8][9][10] . Among them, Moreno proposed approximate Lambertian models to achieve uniform irraduance distribution efficiently [11,12] . Using these models, we are able to obtain parameters, which provide the maximum LED density and the minimum LED-to-detector distance for different LED arrays, which produce satisfactory uniformity.However, it is doubtful that the irradiance distribution of the model used in approximate Lambertian is consistent with the actual LED or not. And we did find certain deviations by comparing the irradiance distributions of approximate Lambertian model and actual LED. In this paper, we propose a new model, which uses curve fitting method to amend the LED luminescent model. The model is not only useful in LED lighting design, but also helpful in package design. The optical simulation of LED arrays by rele...
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