Body measurements, history of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), and other data were obtained for 155 Irish setters at the 1994 National Specialty Show. The dogs ranged in age from 6.5 months to 12.4 years (mean+/-standard deviation [SD], 3.6+/-2.6 years); 11 (7%) of the dogs had histories of GDV. Gastric dilatation-volvulus risk increased 33% for each year of age (p of 0.01). Dogs with the deepest thorax relative to width (ratio range, 1.61 to 1.85) had a significantly greater GDV risk than those with the shallowest thorax (ratio range, 1.20 to 1.50); the odds ratio was 8.45; the 95% confidence limits were 1.44 to 49.57; and the p value equaled 0.02. Having a relative (particularly a parent) with GDV also increased GDV risk. Five-generation pedigrees yielded a significantly higher mean coefficient of relationship for the 11 dogs with GDV than for the 11 dogs without GDV.
To test the hypothesis that breeds of dogs with a deeper and narrower thorax have an increased risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), thoracic depth, width, and length were measured for 437 dogs of 17 different breeds using radiographs on file at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine for the period of 1977 to 1993. These data were applied to risk estimates of GDV that were generated from a separate case control study using the Veterinary Medical Data Base. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to relate the mean thoracic measurements and the ideal, adult body size of the breeds to the risk of each breed developing GDV. When the risk of GDV was evaluated as a function of the mean thoracic depth/width ratio alone, or as a function of the thoracic depth/width ratio plus ideal adult breed weight, 37% (p = 0.009) and 76% (p = 0.022), respectively, of the variability in GDV risk was explained. These findings support the hypothesis tested and suggest that selective breeding can be used to decrease a breed's risk of GDV over time. Veterinary Radiology in which were between the mean risk of GDV and mean thoracic measurements for specific dog breeds rather than for individual dogs, because GDV risk for the individual dogs whose radiographs were used was unknown and could not be determined.
Thoracic depth/width ratios (TDWRs) were calculated from measurements of the parents (i.e., common dam and two sires) and puppies in two litters of Irish setters. The TDWRs of the parents, distribution of TDWRs in the litters, and comparisons with earlier population studies suggest that an incompletely dominant major gene and a background of minor genes and environmental factors are responsible for the TDWR. A history of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) (i.e., bloat) was correlated with high TDWRs in this family as it was for Irish setters and certain other breeds studied earlier. It may be possible to reduce the incidence of GDV by selective breeding of dogs with lower TDWRs.
Objectives-To explore whether the inhalation of coal mine dust increases the risk of premature death in miners, a survival analysis was conducted in a cohort of 2738 patients with simple pneumoconiosis in the Huai-Bei coal mine, in China.Methods-Age specific mortalities were calculated by disease severity in terms of pneumoconiotic category with the life table method. The progressions from simple pneumoconiosis to death or progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) were analysed with the Cox's regression model with time as the dependent variable to identify risk factors. Results-During a follow up period (mean 8 y) 3-2% of patients with simple pneumoconiosis developed PMF. The patients with development of PMF presented higher age specific mortalities than those remaining in a state of simple pneumoconiosis (SMR: 3X42; P < 0-01). After adjustment for tuberculosis and duration of work, the relative risk of premature death due to development of PMF was 2-4. Tuberculosis was found to be a main risk factor which not only facilitated premature death (relative risk (RR): 2X0; P < 0-01), but was also a strong facilitator for development of PMF (RR: 7-0; P < 0-01). Also, a long term of work underground and drilling as a main job were identified as risk factors for development of PMF. Conclusion-The results imply that patients with simple pneumoconiosis will have altered survival, and premature death among them is related to an increased risk of the development of PMF and the complication of tuberculosis. (Occup Environ Med 1996;53:129-135)
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