Although the toxicity of melamine to the kidneys and testes is well known, few studies have investigated the effects of melamine on female reproductive organs. Therefore, this study explores the effects of oral administration melamine or melamine and cyanuric acid for 28 days on the ovaries of female rats. Rats that were exposed to the mixture exhibited reduced ovarian and uterine weights, a shorter estrous cycle, and reduced serum estrogen and progesterone levels compared to rats that were exposed to melamine and control rats. Furthermore, morphological analysis revealed pathological changes in the ovaries of rats exposed to melamine or the mixture, such as more atretic follicles and necrosis of oocytes and granulosa cells. TUNEL staining revealed that the exposed groups had a higher proportion of TUNEL-positive granulosa cells than the control group, and the mRNA expressions of SOD1, GPX1, GPX2, P450scc, 17β-HSD I, and 17β-HSD II were reduced in the exposure groups compared with the control group. These results indicated that exposure to melamine alone or to the melamine-cyanuric acid mixture could damage the ovaries in rats.
In traditional book retrieval system, users may not provide accurate information about what they want to query because of the restrictions of expertise,so that they can not get a good result. We provide a new method.First,got set of user's friends and interesting_libraries from his profile.And then,used the probabilistic model to get the similar users whose interested books similar with the books that the user want to search and calculated the similarity.Got the co-occurrence words of original query from the personal digital library of similar users and calculated the co-occurrence rate using the Jaccard index.Finally,calculated recommend of each co-occurrence word.The one with the highest recommend is selected to combine with the original query and generated a new query.We conducted several experiments on a real-dataset collected from LibraryThing. It shows that our method can effectively expand the user original query and improve the accuracy of query.
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