Although the Chinese have been exposed to Western psychotherapies since the 1950s, the practice of counseling is a relatively new phenomenon. In this article, we trace the development of counseling in China, examine its cultural and practical relevance, and review recent advances in training and practice. Although heavily influenced by Western models, contemporary Chinese approaches to counseling reflect the philosophical traditions, cultural history, and indigenous help-seeking practices of a rapidly modernizing society. The increasing popularization of psychotherapy in China is analyzed in the context of the changing social and economic climate and the crises and opportunities that accompany Chinese life in the 21st century.
There is a great interest in the behavior of diatomic molecular solids under extremely high-pressure conditions that lead to pressureinduced metallization, molecular dissociation, and formation of atomic phase. The consensus has been that the phase-transition sequence that happened in both solid bromine and iodine is from a molecular phase (phase I), to an incommensurate phase (phase V), and then to an atomic phase (phase II), with increasing pressure. However, a puzzle remains unresolved for both solids: pressureinduced X and Y bands were observed in the Raman spectra in the molecular phase at low pressures, even before the onset of phase V. Here, we suggest a phase for solid iodine in such a low-pressure range (designated as phase I ) in which two different covalent intramolecular bonds coexist, based on first-principles calculations and later corroborated by x-ray diffraction experiments. The pressure dependence of the X and Y bands and other vibrational frequencies measured experimentally can be explained nicely by combining the vibrational modes of phase I and phase I . These results help improve our understanding on the pressure-induced molecular dissociation and metallization in diatomic solids and may shed some light on the investigation of similar phenomena in solid H 2.high pressure ͉ molecular dissociation M olecular hydrogen was predicted to undergo a transition from a proton-paired insulator to a monatomic metal under sufficiently strong compression by Wigner and Huntington in 1935 (1). Although many experiments have tried to achieve this (2-5), a direct and convincing experimental observation of metallic hydrogen in the solid form has yet to be seen. However, there has been remarkable progress in the study of other diatomic molecular solids at high density, especially for bromine and iodine. This includes the observation of pressureinduced metallic transition, molecular dissociation, and atomic phase (6-14). The consensus has been that the phase-transition sequence that happened in both bromine and iodine is from a molecular phase (phase I), to an incommensurate phase (phase V), and then to an atomic phase (phase II), with increasing pressure (6-8).However, a puzzle remains unresolved. Two bands, X band and Y band, have been observed experimentally (7, 12) in the Raman spectra for both iodine and bromine at a much lower pressure before the onset of phase V, implying that some structural change may have occurred. These Raman peaks could not be explained by phase I alone. The pressure dependence of X band behaves like Ag(L) mode, and that of Y band like B3g(L) mode of phase I, but they could not be assigned to the vibrational modes of either phase I or phase V. Recent x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments (15) indicate a possibility that a phase may exist between phase I and phase V in solid bromine, but there is no detailed structural information.Here, we present results of our study that a phase of solid iodine may exist between phase I and V based on first-principles calculations and later cor...
Moldy peanut seeds are damaged by mold, which seriously affects the germination rate of peanut seeds. At the same time, the quality and variety purity of peanut seeds profoundly affect the final yield of peanuts and the economic benefits of farmers. In this study, hyperspectral imaging technology was used to achieve variety classification and mold detection of peanut seeds. In addition, this paper proposed to use median filtering (MF) to preprocess hyperspectral data, use four variable selection methods to obtain characteristic wavelengths, and ensemble learning models (SEL) as a stable classification model. This paper compared the model performance of SEL and extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XGBoost), light gradient boosting algorithm (LightGBM), and type boosting algorithm (CatBoost). The results showed that the MF-LightGBM-SEL model based on hyperspectral data achieves the best performance. Its prediction accuracy on the data training and data testing reach 98.63% and 98.03%, respectively, and the modeling time was only 0.37s, which proved that the potential of the model to be used in practice. The approach of SEL combined with hyperspectral imaging techniques facilitates the development of a real-time detection system. It could perform fast and non-destructive high-precision classification of peanut seed varieties and moldy peanuts, which was of great significance for improving crop yields.
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