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The Towne/Toledo chimeric vaccine candidates were well tolerated and did not cause systemic infection. Additional human trials are warranted to further evaluate the potential of these vaccine candidates as live virus vaccines.

Objectives A multicentre survey was designed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dental practice worldwide, estimate the COVID-19 related symptoms/signs, work attitudes and behaviour and the routine use of protective measures and personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods A global survey using a standardized questionnaire with research groups from 36 countries was designed. The questionnaire was developed and pretested during April 2020 and contained three domains: 1) personal data; 2) COVID-19 positive rate and symptoms/signs presumably related to the coronavirus; 3) working conditions and PPE adopted after the outbreak. Countries’ data were grouped by the country positive rate (CPR) during the survey period and by Gross-National-Income per capita. An ordinal multinomial logistic regression model was carried out with COVID-19 self-reported rate referred by dental professionals as dependent variable to assess the association with questionnaire items. Results A total of 52,491 questionnaires were returned with a male/female ratio of 0.63. Out of the total respondents, 7,859 dental professionals (15%) reported symptoms/signs compatible with COVID-19. More than half of the sample (n=27,818; 53%) stated to use FFP2/N95 masks, while 21,558 (41.07%) used eye protection. In the bivariate analysis, CPR and N95/FFP2 were significantly associated (OR=1.80 95% CI=1.60/2.82 and OR=5.20 95% CI=1.44/18.80, respectively), while Gross-National-Income was not statistically associated with CPR (OR=1.09 95% CI=0.97/1.60). The same significant associations were observed in the multivariate analysis . Conclusions Oral health service provision has not been significantly affected by COVID-19, although access to routine dental care was reduced due to country-specific temporary lockdown periods. While the dental profession has been identified at high-risk, the reported rates of COVID-19 for dental professionals were not significantly different to those reported for the general population in each country. These findings may help to better plan oral health care for future pandemic events.

Forty-two cases of Chinese T-cell lymphoma were studied for expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded RNA (EBER-1) and EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. EBV was detected in tumour cells in 24/39 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (62%), comprising 18/27 pleomorphic, medium and large cell lymphomas (67%), 4/6 angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like lymphomas (67%), 2/2 Lennert's lymphomas, 0/2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas, and 0/2 T-zone lymphomas. EBV was not found in three T-lymphoblastic lymphomas. EBV was associated with 12/24 nodal (50%) compared with 12/15 extranodal (80%) peripheral T-cell lymphomas. In EBV positive nodal lymphomas, 9/12 cases (75%) contained less than 10% EBER positive tumour cells. In EBV positive extranodal lymphomas, 9/11 cases (82%) showed EBV gene expression in more than 50% of the tumour cells, and in five of these almost all tumour cells were positive. Lymphomas of the nasopharynx (mainly midline granuloma-type) showed EBER-1 expression in nearly all tumour cells. LMP-1 was detected in 19/23 EBER positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas (83%). Our results show that EBV is strongly associated with peripheral T-cell lymphomas in Chinese. An important role for the virus is suggested in lymphomas of the nasopharynx. The significance of EBV in T-cell lymphomas that contain only a minor population of virally infected tumour cells is currently unclear.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several malignancies. Specific EBV gene variants, e.g. the BamHI f configuration, a C-terminal region 30 bp deletion in the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) gene (del-LMP) and the loss of an XhoI site in LMP1 (XhoI-loss), are found in Chinese cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting that EBV sequence variation may be involved in oncogenesis. In order to understand better the epidemiology of these EBV variants, they were studied in virus isolates from EBV-positive Chinese cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD ; n l 71) and donor throat washings from healthy Chinese. Sequencing was performed of 15 representative EBV isolates, including the first analysis of the LMP1 promoter in Asian wild-type EBV isolates. The following observations were made. (i) Three EBV LMP1 variants were identified, designated Chinese groups (CG) 1-3. In both EBV-associated HD and in healthy Chinese, CG1-like viruses showing del-LMP1 and XhoI-loss were predominant. (ii) CG1 viruses were distinct from European and African variants, suggesting that this profile is useful for epidemiological studies. (iii) Specific patterns of mutations were present in the LMP1 promoter in both CG1 and CG2. (iv) The BamHI f variant was not found in Chinese HD, in contrast to Chinese NPC and European HD. This study confirms that EBV isolates in Chinese HD and other tumours differ from those reported in Western cases. However, this reflects the predominant virus strain present in the healthy Chinese population, suggesting that these are geographically restricted polymorphisms rather than tumour-specific strains.

Restrictive fluid therapy and liberal conventional therapy were associated with similar rates of overall and cardiopulmonary complications; however, restrictive fluid therapy was associated with a more rapid recovery and a shorter length of hospital stay.

Most women with COVID‐19 delivered at or beyond the late preterm period. Some who delivered prematurely had other medical indications for preterm birth.

Aim To develop and test the psychometric characteristics of the Inpatients' Involvement in Medication Safety Scale. Background Medication safety is the third biggest challenge threatening patient safety. Patient involvement in medication safety management is essential, and however, few tools have been developed to assess the related process. Methods The scale was formulated through literature review, semi‐structured interviews and Delphi expert consultation. A group of 461 inpatients from a tertiary hospital were selected to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. Results The scale consisted of three dimensions and 23 items. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.916 for the total scale and was 0.777–0.858 for three subscales; the test–retest reliability was 0.742 for the total scale. The content validity was 0.957, and the item content validity ranged from 0.833 to 1.000. The cumulative variance contribution of three selected factors was 51.19%. Conclusions The Inpatients' Involvement in Medication Safety Scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate inpatients' involvement in medication safety. Implications for Nursing Management The scale provides theoretical reference for clinical nursing safety management, as well as helps nurses to provide targeted medication care for patients and their families.