Metal and metal oxide catalysts for non-oxidative ethane/propane dehydrogenation are outlined with respect to catalyst synthesis, structure–property relationship and catalytic mechanism.
The
electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR)
is a promising method to realize carbon recycling and sustainable
development because of its mild reaction conditions and capability
to utilize the electric power generated by renewable energy such as
solar, wind, or tidal energy to produce high-value-added liquid fuels
and chemicals. However, it is still a great challenge to deeply understand
the reaction mechanism of CO2RRs involving multiple chemical
processes and multiple products due to the complexity of the traditional
catalyst’s surface. Organic ligand-protected metal nanoclusters
(NCs) with accurate compositions and definite atom packing structures
show advantages for revealing the reaction mechanism of CO2RRs. This Review focuses on the recent progress in CO2RRs catalyzed by atomically precise metal NCs, including gold, copper,
and silver NCs. Particularly, the influences of charge, ligand, surface
structure, doping of Au NCs, and binders on the CO2RR are
discussed in detail. Meanwhile the reaction mechanisms of CO2RRs including the active sites and the key reaction intermediates
are also discussed. It is expected that progress in this research
area could promote the development of metal NCs and CO2RRs.
Chitin, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) and the most abundant natural nitrogen-containing organic material in the world, is far under-utilized than other biomass resources. Herein, we demonstrate a highly efficient deoxygenation process to convert chitin monomer, i.e., NAG, into various amines, which are the ubiquitous platform chemicals in chemical industry. In the presence of H 2 and Ru/C catalyst, the oxygen atoms in the glucosamine molecules are removed in the form of H 2 O and/or CO/CO 2 , whereas CO is hydrogenated to CH 4 . By optimizing the reaction conditions, $50% yield of various amines was obtained via the selective deoxygenation of NAG. The reaction mechanism has been proposed. These findings not only promote shell biorefinery in green chemistry and fishery industry but also provide chemicals for material science, resulting in expanding cooperation in new areas such as clean energy, energy conservation, environment protection, and infrastructure.
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