In this paper, we have examined 4 models for Great Salt Lake level forecasting: ARMA (Auto-Regression and Moving Average), ARFIMA (Auto-Regressive Fractional Integral and Moving Average), GARCH (Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) and FIGARCH (Fractional Integral Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity). Through our empirical data analysis where we divide the time series in two parts (first 2000 measurement points in Part-1 and the rest is Part-2), we found that for Part-2 data, FIGARCH offers best performance indicating that conditional heteroscedasticity should be included in time series with high volatility.
The elevation of Great Salt Lake (GSL) has a great impact on the people of Utah. The flood of GSL in 1982 has caused a loss of millions of dollars. Therefore, it is very important to predict the GSL levels as precisely as possible. This paper points out the reason why conventional methods failed to describe adequately the rise and fall of the GSL levels — the long-range dependence (LRD) property. The LRD of GSL elevation time series is characterized by some most commonly used Hurst parameter estimation methods in this paper. Then, according to the revealed LRD, the autoregressive fractional integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model is applied to analyze the data and predict the future levels. We have shown that the prediction results has a better performance compared to the conventional ARMA models.
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