The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of sitagliptin (Sita), quercetin (QCR) and its combination in β‐amyloid (Aβ) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Male Sprague–Dawley rats, weighing between 220 and 280 g were used for experiment. Rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10) and the groups were as follows: (a) Sham control; (b) Aβ injected; (c) Aβ injected + Sita 100; (d) Aβ injected + QCR 100; and (e) Aβ injected + Sita 100 + QCR 100. Cognitive performance was observed by the Morris water maze (MWM), biochemical markers, for example, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, Aβ1‐42 level, Nrf2/HO‐1 expression and histopathological study of rat brain were estimated. Pretreatment with Sita, QCR and their combination showed a significant increase in escape latency in particular MWM cognitive model. Further co‐administration of sita and QCR significantly reduced Aβ1‐42 level when compared with individual treatment. Biochemical markers, for example, increased SOD, CAT and GSH, decreased MDA were seen, and histopathological studies revealed the reversal of neuronal damage in the treatment group. Additionally, Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway in rat's brain was significantly increased by Sita, QCR and their combination. Pretreatment with QCR potentiates the action of Sita in Aβ induced AD in rats. The improved cognitive memory could be because of the synergistic effect of the drugs by decreasing Aβ1‐42 level, antioxidant activity and increased expression of Nrf2/HO‐1 in rat brain.
Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase for patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: This prospective study included 140 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital between June 2018 and June 2019. They were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (70 cases) was treated with urokinase intravenous thrombolysis, and the observation group (70 cases) was given alteplase intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The treatment efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.7%, and that of the control group was 78.6%, i.e., the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly superior to the that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the observation group had significantly lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and significantly higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score than the control group; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors of both groups significantly decreased compared to before treatment, and the decrease in the observation group was larger than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of hemorrhagic adverse reaction in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, ccompared with urokinase, alteplase can further relieve cognitive impairment and promote the recovery of nerve function through inhibiting levels of inflammatory factors and levels of serum Hcy and MCP-1. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4521 How to cite this:Gao L, Zhang S, Wo X, Shen X, Tian Q, Wang G. Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4521 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
: Ischemic stroke, which is the fifth leading cause of death, is an attack in the brain due to a blockage of a brain artery. It occurs when a sudden loss of blood flow to the brain leads to a reduction in the oxygen supply. A wide range of reasons has been found for ischemic stroke, including high blood pressure and associated thrombosis. Suitable biomarker analysis followed by proper treatment helps to prevent ischemic stroke. An aptamer is an artificial antibody generated against various clinical biomarkers from a smaller molecule of a whole cell. Recently, several researchers conducted biomarker analysis for ischemic stroke using aptamers. Furthermore, factor IX, which is a blood clotting factor, is highly correlated with thrombosis and plays a role in ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarized the potential role of aptamers in ischemic stroke by nanoscale analysis, and factor IX was the distinct focus of this review.
Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of neurointerventional catheter thrombolysis for cerebral infarction. METHODS: A total of 56 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled for the experimental study. Two different treatments were applied to patients, and patients were divided into observation groups and controls according to different treatment methods. After grouped into two groups the control group was treated with intravenous thrombolysis. The observation group was treated with neurointerventional arterial catheter thrombolysis. The treatment effect, NIHSS score and BI index, neurological deficit score before and after treatment, and coagulation index were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the observation group (92.86%) was significantly different from that of the control group (67.86%), and the observation group was higher than the control group. The data of the observation group in the NIHSS score and the BI index were 5.42±1.77 and 95.64±2.15, respectively, which were better than the control group. The neurological deficit scores of the observation group before and after treatment were 19.88±6.24 and 9.14±5.81, respectively. After treatment, the difference was significant compared with the control group, p<0.05. The coagulation indexes of the observation group in FIB, PT, TT, etc. were respectively 3.68±1.04, 11.46±1.62, 15.37±2.46, all were better than the control group (2.13±0.47, 13.72±2.72, 19.85±2.62), P<0.05. Conclusion: the clinical efficacy of neurointerventional arterial catheter thrombolysis for cerebral infarction is significant, it can effectively promote the recovery of various functional conditions of patients with cerebral infarction, which is worthy of further application and promotion.
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