Fructooligosaccharides (Fos) can change gut microbiota composition and play a protective role against food allergy (FA). Furthermore, the protective mechanism of Fos against FA is unclear. In this study, intestinal...

Background The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has increased worldwide. In China, the prevalence of FA in infants and school-aged children is well known, but the prevalence in preschool children is unknown. Methods A total of 4151 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in urban Wenzhou, China, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Their parents completed a preliminary screening questionnaire, and a detailed FA questionnaire was given to parents whose children had suspected FA according to the preliminary screening. According to the results of the detailed FA questionnaires, some children underwent a skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) measurement. Children with abnormal SPT and/or sIgE results who did not meet the diagnostic criteria and those with negative SPT and sIgE results whose histories strongly supported FA underwent an oral food challenge (OFC). Results Of the 4151 children’s parents who completed the surveys, 534 (12.86%) indicated a positive medical history of FA. Among the 40 children who underwent an OFC, 24 were positive. According to SPT and sIgE measurements, 11 children were diagnosed with FA. The prevalence of FA was at least 0.84%; children who dropped out during the study were considered FA-negative. Among the 35 children with FA, the most common allergic manifestation was skin symptoms. The most common allergic foods were egg, fish and shrimp. Conclusions The parent-reported rate of FA in preschool children in urban Wenzhou was 12.86%. The prevalence of FA was at least 0.84%. Among all cases, the most common allergic food was eggs, and the most common allergic manifestation was skin symptoms. Trial registration NCT03974555, registered on 30 May 2019 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

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Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airway. Intestinal flora, a significant risk factor for asthma, has become a widespread concern in the pathogenesis of asthma. To review the literature related to intestinal flora in asthma, summarize research direction, and report trends, this study used CiteSpace to perform bibliometric statistics and analysis on the research papers of intestinal flora and asthma collected in the Web of science core collection from 2001 to 2021. Eventually, a total of 613 articles were included. The results demonstrated that research on gut flora and asthma continued to heat up, with article numbers increasing, especially in the last decade. Moreover, analysis of the keywords showed that the research topics of intestinal flora and asthma range from confirming the link between intestinal flora and asthma to investigating mechanisms and then to asthma treatment. According to the summary of research hotspots, we expand on three emerging issues that require attention in the intestinal flora and asthma research, including (regulatory T)Treg cells, probiotics, and chain fatty acid. Evidence illustrated that Treg cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma caused by dysbiosis of the gut flora. Furthermore, in contrast to probiotic supplements, which do not reduce the risk of developing asthma, short-chain fatty acids supplements do. Overall, the research direction in the field of intestinal flora and asthma has recently evolved from macro to micro with depth broadened. As a robust scientific evaluation, our study provided a comprehensive overview of the area, particularly for research focus, which could more precisely direct scholars on future research and clinical diagnosis, therapy, and individualized prevention.

IntroductionAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is considered to be the only treatment that may change the natural process of allergic diseases. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is a type of allergen immunotherapy that is commonly used in clinical practice. However, SCIT has inconsistent effects on individuals, and it is yet unclear what factors affect therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, vitamin D levels have been speculated as a potential factor influencing SCIT efficacy.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of serum vitamin D level on the SCIT efficacy in children with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma caused by dust mite allergy.MethodsAccording to the panel consensus, children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis who received SCIT were divided into the vitamin D deficiency group (<12 ng/ml), vitamin D insufficiency group (12–20 ng/ml), and vitamin D sufficiency group (>20 ng/ml). Serum 1–25(OH) D3, blood eosinophil, total IgE, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), and dermatophagoides farina (Df) specific IgE (sIgE) were detected, and questionnaires of symptom and medication scores were collected before and after one year of treatment.ResultsAfter one year of SCIT treatment, the symptom and medication score significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the efficacy in different groups (P > 0.05). Our study found a statistical difference in Dp sIgE level between the vitamin D deficiency and the sufficiency groups (P = 0.024), and vitamin D levels become lower with children's growth (Y = −0.8981*X + 34.26, P = 0.0025).ConclusionsNo difference was found between the efficacy of one-year SCIT and serum vitamin D levels based on symptom and medication scores. Nevertheless, higher vitamin D levels may be associated with a decreased indicator of Dp allergy.

Background: The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has been increasing steadily over the past 2 decades to 3 decades, with diversified symptoms and increasing severity. The long-term outcome will affect the growth and development of children, and it may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that early infancy is a crucial time when gut microbiota has an impact on the development of food allergy. However, there is no unified perspective on the characteristics on dysbiosis in early life link between dysbiosis and the future of allergic diseases. Objective: We investigated the association between composition in gut microbiota in early life and long-term clinical manifestations in children with food allergy. Methods: In this study, 16S rDNA gene high-through sequencing method was used to analyze the composition of gut microbiota in children with food allergy in early life in southern Zhejiang, and the clinical manifestations were followed up for 2 years to analyze the influence of gut microbiota changes in early life on the later clinical manifestations. Results: we found that the diversity of gut microbiota in children with food allergy did not change, but the abundance of microbiota changed. The bacterial markers of food allergy may be Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Blautia and Escherichia-Shigella, the lack of gut microbiota many be Bifidobacteriumand Clostridium. After two years，two of the ten children with food allergy still had symptoms of food allergy, the intestinal flora of these two cases in early childhood showed an increase in Escherichia-Shigella and a decrease in Bifidobacterium, The other eight cases had remission of allergic symptoms. Conclusion: We concluded that food allergy is not associated with intestinal flora diversity. Most of the symptoms of food allergy can be relieved by the age of 3 years old, which is related to the composition of early intestinal flora. Escherichia-Shigellaand Bifidobacterium may affect the prognosis of food allergy.