Building green mines are imperative for developing the green mining industry. 1,2 It is necessary to realize the development of near-zero ecological damage and the use of near-zero pollutant emissions from the source of innovative mining methods. 3,4 Mining, dressing, backfilling, and X 5 is typical representative of green mining technology. It is used for coal mining, gangue separation, and backfilling on-site, while
To resolve the problem of top mine instability and the consequent ecological damage caused by different grades of ore deposits in the layered mining process, layered filling-pillar-mining-displacement method (LFPMD) is proposed using a potash mine as an example. Based on the operation principles of the tail salt filling system, the mechanical behaviours of the tail salt under initial tamping and overburden loading were obtained through compaction tests in the laboratory. In addition, the mining-filling mass ratio of tail salt was derived. Based on the mining geological conditions of a potash mine in Laos and the compaction characteristics of tail salt, a mechanical model of top control by tail salt and a numerical model of top control by the pillars were established to discuss the stability of the upper-layer top mine and the lower-layer top mine. It was found that when the elastic foundation coefficient of the tail salt is greater than 550 MN·m−3, and the width of the retained pillars is 10 m, stability of the upper layer and the lower layer can be guaranteed. The results revealed that the LFPMD method can ensure stability of the overburden in the stope and reduce environmental damage while treating tail salt underground.
Roof self-stability in backfilling mining was proposed to explore its connotation and characteristics after a comparative analysis of roof structures under long-wall caving and backfilling mining. The mechanical analysis models of roof self-stability along strike and dip were established. After that, the mechanical equations for cooperative roof control were constructed to analyze the elastic foundation coefficients of the backfill, support peak load, unsupported-roof distance, and drilling effect of the working face along strike, the size of the working face, and the section pillar effect along dip. Research showed that the roof self-stability was greatly impacted by the elastic foundation coefficient of backfill, and it was less impacted by the support peak load along strike. The unsupported-roof distance had no obvious effect on roof self-stability. Roof self-stability was significantly affected by the working face and coal-pillar length along the dip. Therefore, the engineering control method of roof self-stability was proposed. The backfilling engineering practice in Xinjulong Coal Mine showed that the maximum roof subsidence was 438 mm, and the backfill ratio was 86.3% when the supporting intensity of backfilling hydraulic support was 0.94 MPa; the advanced distance of the working face was greater than 638 m; the foundation coefficient of backfilling material was 4.16 × 108 Nm−3. The roof formed the self-stability structure, which satisfied safe coal mining under buildings, water bodies, and railways.
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