Orientation‐controlled large‐area synthesis of nanowires (NWs) is key to their direct integration into circuits and devices for functional exploitation. Herein, the vapor–liquid–solid process yields planar arrays of tin‐doped CdS NWs with precise crystallographic orientation on flat and faceted sapphire surfaces. The nanopatterned catalyst and epitaxial correlation of each surface determine NWs’ exact position, yield, and orientation, while the graphoepitaxial effect steers their growth along the nanochannels. The incorporation of dopants widens the emission spectrum beyond the bandgap, which facilitates enhanced optical transport in NWs. Electron‐beam lithography (EBL) is employed to fabricate photodetector on individual NW, which demonstrates high photoresponsivity and fast response. Graphoepitaxial effect‐based assembly of highly ordered horizontal NW arrays and their facile self‐integration into devices for modern applications, including LEDs, biomedical or photoelectric sensors, photovoltaic cells, and visible span integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems, have promising prospects.
Recently, water promotion effects in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde have been experimentally recognized and identified. However, the effects of water on the photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene into benzaldehyde remain elusive. In this work, the Ti 3 O 9 H 6 clusters in different solvents (water and toluene solvent) are used to study the water-induced effects in photocatalytic oxidation reactions in kinetics and thermodynamics using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, the influences of the OH groups on catalysts (Ti−OH bonds) from photocatalytic water splitting are also considered. The results clearly demonstrate the water-induced double-edged sword effects in the photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene. We expect that our work can not only shed light on the mechanisms of photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene into benzaldehyde and other activation reactions of sp 3 C−H bonds but also design and modulate highly efficient photocatalysts.
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