An InP(001)-͑2 3 1͒ reconstruction was prepared by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. Scanning tunneling micrographs and infrared spectra of adsorbed hydrogen revealed that the ͑2 3 1͒ is terminated with a complete layer of buckled phosphorous dimers, giving rise to p͑2 3 2͒ and c͑4 3 2͒ domains. A surface band gap of 1.2 6 0.2 eV was measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The buckling can be explained by electron correlation among the dangling bonds of pairs of phosphorous dimers. This allows the surface to achieve a lower energy, semiconducting state. This reconstruction mimics the Si(100)-͑2 3 1͒, which is terminated with buckled silicon dimers. [S0031-9007(99)08534-8]

A global analysis of nuclear medium modifications of parton distributions is presented using deeply inelastic scattering data of various nuclear targets. Two obtained data sets are provided for quark and gluon nuclear modification factors, referred as nIMParton16. One is from the global fit only to the experimental data of isospin-scalar nuclei (Set A), and the other is from the fit to all the measured nuclear data (Set B). The scale-dependence is described by DGLAP equations with nonlinear corrections in this work. The Fermi motion and off-shell effect, nucleon swelling, and parton-parton recombination are taken into account together for modeling the complicated $x$-dependence of nuclear modification. The nuclear gluon shadowing in this paper is dynamically generated by the QCD evolution of parton splitting and recombination processes with zero gluon density at the input scale. Sophisticated nuclear dependence of nuclear medium effects is studied with only two free parameters. With the obtained free parameters from the global analysis, the nuclear modifications of parton distribution functions of unmeasured nuclei can be predicted in our model. Nuclear modification of deuteron is also predicted and shown with recent measurement at JLab.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, minor modification