Genetic map is a linear arrangement of the relative positions of sites in the chromosome or genome based on the recombination frequency between genetic markers. It is the important basis for genetic analysis. Several kinds of software have been designed for genetic mapping, but all these tools require users to write or edit code, making it time-costing and difficult for researchers without programming skills to handle with. Here, MG2C, a new online tool was designed, based on PERL and SVG languages.Users can get a standard genetic map, only by providing the location of genes (or quantitative trait loci) and the length of the chromosome, without writing additional code. The operation interface of MG2C contains three sections: data input, data output and parameters. There are 33 attribute parameters in MG2C, which are further divided into 8 modules. Values of the parameters can be changed according to the users’ requirements. The information submitted by users will be transformed into the genetic map in SVG file, which can be further modified by other image processing tools.MG2C is a user-friendly and time-saving online tool for drawing genetic maps, especially for those without programming skills. The tool has been running smoothly since 2015, and updated to version 2.1. It significantly lowers the technical barriers for the users, and provides great convenience for the researchers.
The grounding device plays performs the role of releasing a lightning current and a fault current in the power system, and the corrosion of the conductor will cause damage to the grounding body, which threatens the safe operation of the power system. The grounding grid corrosion detection technology and equipment guarantee the safe operation of the power system. This paper discusses the research status of grounding corrosion and topological detection in detail and introduces the basic principles, research difficulties and existing problems of the methods such as the electric network method, electromagnetic field method, electrochemical method, ultrasonic detection method and electromagnetic imaging method. The methods of electromagnetic imaging and time difference positioning proposed in recent years have been also discussed in detail. The paper points out that the application of grounding grid corrosion detection distance engineering still faces great challenges and that multi-disciplinary, multi-information fusion, new sensing technology, big data platforms and intelligent computing will be the trends to follow in research on grounding grid fault, corrosion detection and life prediction.
The rise of blockchain technology has injected new vitality into the energy market. At present, blockchain projects for distributed photovoltaic power generation and carbon trading are rapidly emerging, but due to the barrier of two markets and the independent operation of such projects in two chains, the two market values cannot be two-way circulation, which is not conducive to the expansion of power trading business and the scale of carbon market. This paper proposed a joint operation mechanism of cross-chain trading, combined distributed photovoltaic power generation market and the carbon market by the blockchain technology. The novelty is to construct two chains which includes the mainchain and sidechain that enables the two markets to share data and circulate value, and to design a two-way anchoring method that achieves equating between carbon trading and electricity trading by cryptocurrency. The simulation studies took the improved IEEE 33 system as an example to simulate transactions on the Ethereum platform, and technically verify the feasibility of cross-chain transactions in these two markets, and use Ether as the settlement currency.INDEX TERMS Distributed photovoltaic power generation market, carbon market, cross-chain transaction, blockchain.
Abstract-We formulate optimization problems to study how data centers might modulate their power demands for cost-effective operation taking into account various complexities exhibited by real-world electricity pricing schemes. For computational tractability reasons, we work with a fluid model for power demands which we imagine can be modulated using two abstract knobs of demand dropping and demand delaying (each with its associated penalties or costs). We consider both stochastically known and completely unknown inputs, which are likely to capture different data center scenarios. Using empirical evaluation with both realworld and synthetic power demands and real-world prices, we demonstrate the efficacy of our techniques. I. INTRODUCTIONIt is well-known that data centers incur significant costs towards powering and cooling their computing, networking, and storage (IT) equipment, making the optimization of these costs an important research area. Most electric utilities employ one (or a combination) of the following pricing mechanisms: (i) peak-based pricing, wherein a component of the electricity bill is dependent on the peak power drawn over the billing cycle (typically a month) [2], (ii) time-varying pricing, wherein the per unit energy price fluctuates over time (there are many examples of this operating at different time granularity such as very fine timescale spot prices [11] or higher prices during periods of "coincident peaks" experienced by the utility [7]), and (iii) load-dependent or tiered pricing, wherein higher energy prices are applied for higher energy consumption [9].Whereas recent research has begun looking at data center cost optimization bearing some of these pricing complexities in mind, this is still a nascent field in many ways. In particular, most instances of such work (e.g., [4]) focus exclusively on a particular pricing feature, whereas real-world tariffs often combine these features, making cost-effective data center operation even more complicated. This is the context of our paper: how should data centers optimize their costs given the various features of real-world electricity pricing?Broadly speaking, the vast literature on data center power cost optimization may be understood as employing one or both of (i) demand-side (based on modulating the data center's power demand from within) and/or (ii) supply-side (based on employing additional sources of energy supply the data center's existing utility provider and backup sources) techniques. Our focus is on techniques based on "IT knobs," a subset of (i) that relies
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