The authors concluded that an effective preoperative diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis can be made by detailed inquiry into the possible infection history and disease symptoms as well as careful scrutiny of characteristic radiological features and immunological testing results. In stereotactic operations performed to remove the larva, priority should be given to image-guided stereotactic aspiration given that it causes the smallest wounds. In cases in which stereotactic aspiration fails, stereotactic microsurgery should be performed to remove the larva. The surgeon must carefully avoid breaking the larva and leaving behind any larva residue during surgery.
The function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) depends on the integrity of tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins. Netrin-1 is known to promote angiogenesis and may also regulate the BBB. To understand the association between netrin-1 and the TJ-associated proteins, the expression levels of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the BBB, including netrin-1, claudin-5, occludin and zonula occluden (ZO)-1, were investigated in the present study using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in BBB permeability and whether pZsGreen1-N1 mediated overexpression of netrin-1 increased the expression of the TJ-associated proteins following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results demonstrated that the levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of the TJ-associated proteins, claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1, were significantly reduced following TBI. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of these three TJ proteins were consistent with the changes in the BBB permeability, indicating that weakening intercellular junctions leads to BBB opening. The present study also demonstrated that netrin-1 significantly increased the downregulation of claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1 expression levels induced by TBI, which provided a basis for further investigation on the role of netrin-1 in the integrity of TJs and proper functioning of the BBB.
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