Element doping allows manipulation of the electronic properties of 2D materials. Enhanced transport performances and ambient stability of black-phosphorus devices by Te doping are presented. This provides a facile route for achieving airstable black-phosphorus devices.
The reactions of 1,1-disubstituted ethenes with barbituric acid and its derivatives in the presence of manganese(II) acetate and air yielded 5,5-bis(2-hydroperoxyalkyl)barbituric acids 3aa-ac and 3ba-ja in 62-99% yields. The structure of 3ab was determined by X-ray crystallography. The reaction of la and 2a was also effected by manganese(III) acetate (95%) and metallic manganese (92%), but in poor yield by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (50%). Treatment of 5,5-bis(2-hydroperoxy-2.2-diphenylethyl)-l,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (3aa) with perchloric acid gave 5,5-bis(benzoylmethyl)-1.3-dimethylbarbituric acid ( 6) and 5-(2-benzoylmethyl)-l,3-dimethyl-5-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)barbituric acid (7), in which phenyl migration took place. Reduction of 3aa with zinc powder in acetic acid or with triphenylphosphine in diethyl ether yielded 5,5-bis(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylethyI)-1.3-dimethylbarbituric acid (10), which was dehydrated to give a spirotetrahydropyran 11.
Hydrogel microspheres with probiotic-loaded therapy have been considered an effective and safe strategy for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the low survival rate under harsh stomach conditions and inflammatory cytokine target release efficiency remains a major challenge for their application. Herein, a novel NO-responsive poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel microcapsule (NRPM) strategy based on a droplet microfluidic technology platform is proposed. Accordingly, highly uniform microspheres with high cell densities (6.0 × 10 8 cells mL −1 ) and a wide range of diameters (100-600 μm) are produced, which are critical for realizing accurate downstream evaluation and applications. Owing to the cytoprotective effects of the NRPM, the decorated probiotics showed high viability in the simulated gastric (89.67%) and intestinal (93.67%) fluid environments, while the data are 0% and 61.60% for free cells, respectively. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that microspheres can respond to nitric oxide (NO) stimuli and rapidly release probiotics to maintain the intestinal mechanical barrier and regulate the balance of intestinal flora. Consequently, NRPM significantly increases the treatment efficacy against dextran sulfate sodiuminduced colitis in a mouse model. The results demonstrate that NRPM is a promising approach for improving the efficacy of orally administered probiotics in patients with colonic IBD.
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