This article compares three multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) with application to the urban drainage system (UDS) adaptation of a capital city in North China.Particularly, the well-known NSGA-II, the built-in solver in the MATLAB Global Optimization Toolbox (MLOT), and a newly-developed hybrid MOEA called GALAXY are considered. A variety of parameter combinations of each MOEA are systemically applied to examine their impacts on optimization efficiency. Results suggest that traditional MOEAs suffer from severe parameterization issues. For NSGA-II, the distribution indices of crossover and mutation operators were found to have dominant impacts, while the probabilities of the two operators played a secondary role. For MLOT, the two-point and scattered crossover accompanying the adaptive feasible mutation gained the best Pareto fronts, provided that the crossover fraction is set to lower values. In contrast, GALAXY was the most robust and easy-to-use tool among the three MOEAs, owing to its mechanism for substantially alleviating the parameterization issues.This study contributes to the literature by showing how to improve solution robustness through better selection of operators and associated parameter settings for real-world UDS applications.
This paper studies the environmentally sustainable investment of an agricultural supply chain composed of a farmer and a company, under three subsidy policies which are the non-subsidy policy, the fixed subsidy policy, and the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) subsidy policy. Then, we analyse the impact of different subsidy policy and adverse weather on the costs of the government and profits of the farmer and the company. By comparing with the non-subsidy policy, we find that both the fixed subsidy policy and the ARC policy encourage the farmer to improve the environmentally sustainable investment level and increase the profit of the farmer and the company. We also find that both the fixed subsidy policy and the ARC subsidy policy lead to an increase in government spending. Our results show that the ARC subsidy policy has a significate advantage in encouraging the farmer’s environmentally sustainable investment if the adverse weather is relatively serious, comparing with the fixed subsidy policy. In turn, our results also show that the ARC subsidy policy is more beneficial for both the farmer and the company than the fixed subsidy policy if the adverse weather is relatively serious, which then leads to a higher expenditure of the government. Therefore, our conclusion serves as a theoretical basis for governments to formulate agricultural subsidy policies and promote sustainable development of the agricultural environment.
Based on a questionnaire survey of economics students at school, 290 students majoring in economics were selected as the survey sample, and a nonlinear fractional differential equation model was constructed to comprehensively score the innovation ability of school students. The study found that the innovative spirit of economics students is more active, but the innovative skills are relatively scarce. In this regard, it is proposed to promote the reform of the education system, improve the implementation and evaluation mechanism, focus on theory and practice, promote the application of innovative abilities, improve the quality of teaching, cultivate a team of learning teachers, cultivate students’ independent thinking ability, strengthen students’ logical thinking ability, and promote “industry-university-research” Suggestions on base training model.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.