On the basis of analysis of the component of the sludge from Lingzhuang waterworks and the technological process was studied which use the sludge for raw material to produce the sludge ceramsite. Through a lot of experiments, the several factors affecting the nature of ceramsite were developed and the technological parameters were confirmed. A performance test of the ceramsite shows that when the optimized temperature is 1130°C~1170 °C, the optimized baking time is 5 min, strength of tube pressure of the ceramsite is 8 MPa, bulk density of it is 1200 kg/m3compressive strength of concrete blocks is 40 MPa. So the products could meet the demand on high strength ceremsite. It is gained that the way of waterworks sludge for ceramsite is feasible and can bring certain economical profits, social profits and environmental profits. The products can be used widely to load bearing structure in construction profession.
The present study was implemented to investigate the trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP) in drinking water treatment and to determine the impact of preozonation on the reduction of Trihalomethanes (THMs). The full-scale examination was carried out, using Luan River as the raw water. Two different preoxidation methods, prechlorination and preozonation were performed. THMFP and THM species were analyzed. The investigation indicated that 18.72% of THMFP was removed during preozonation. Further study on the distribution of THM species showed a significant reduction of Chloroform and bromodichloromethane, 20.62% and 17.39% during preozonation, respectively. The result suggested that the application of preozonation process is an effective method for reducing THMs generation in drinking water treatment. In the final effluent, the total removal rates of THMFP were 47.49% after preozonation and 55.67% after prechlorination.
The objectives of this study were to investigate impact of preoxidation on disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors in drinking water via two different preoxidation methods. The full-scale study was conducted on surface river water in a water supply plant in Tianjin, China. Two treatment trains were performed, with prechlorination and preozonation as preoxidation methods, respectively. The water samples were collected on different stages along the treatment processes and analyzed by following organic parameters: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254 and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA). The results indicated that Train 2 with preozonation was more effective to reduce DBP precursors. Preozonation possessed an excellent ability in the removal of UV254 and SUVA, the removal efficiencies were 25.14% and 18.77%, respectively, comparing to the removal rates of 6.66% and 5.64% during prechlorination, separately.
In this full-scale study, water treatment processes with preozonation were carried out. This work estimated the performence of preozonation of two typical kinds of surface waters in North China, Luan River and Yellow River. UV254, algae, chlorophyll a, Trihalomethanes Formation Potential(THMFP) and Haloacetic Acids Formation Potential(HAAFP) were investigated. In addition, formaldehyde and bromate, which are the main ozonation by-products, were also measured. Results showed that preozonation played an important role in reducing algae, chlorophyll a and UV254. About 33% of THMFP and HAAFP were removed by preozonation. Moreover, the processes applied in this study with preozonation were applicable to different raw water, and the water quality of the effluent was greatly improved. In the final effluent, half of the THMFP and HAAFP were removed. Formaldehyde and bromate were both below the limits(900 μg/L and 10 μg/L, separately).
Using granular activated carbon (GAC) as electric particle electrode and heterogeneous catalyst loaded metal oxide to replace insulated particle in bipolar packing bed cell (BPBC), the electro-heterogeneous catalytic oxidation system was constructed. Adopting impregnation method to prepare γ-Al2O3 supported catalysts containing Cu and Ce, it was evenly mixed with GAC to construct packing materials. Using stainless steel as anode, porous graphite as cathode and packing materials between them, landfill leachate was treated by an electro-catalytic oxidation process and COD removal efficiency was studied. The activity of catalysts was explored, and using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructure and morphology were characterized. The operating parameters such as cell voltage, initial pH, airflow and inter-electrode distance were also investigated. The results showed that when the metal ion concentration in soaking solution was 2% for Cu, 9% for Ce, the activity of prepared catalyst was the highest. Under the conditions of an applied voltage of 15.0 V, pH of 7.0, airflow of 0.08 m3/h, and an inter-electrode distance of 3.0 cm, the removal efficiencies of COD reached 92.9%. Qualitative analysis of the interim products was carried out, adopting ultraviolet-visible spectrum, and the mechanism of electro-heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction was discussed. The whole degradation involves two main processes: electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation.
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