We investigate the evolution of optical beam in the nonlocal nonlinear media with loss and gain using the variational approach and the numerical simulation. When the loss gradually changes to the gain, the optical beams can restore to their initial states, the phenomenon we called the "adiabatic propagation". We have proved that, as long as the changing rate of the loss and gain is small enough, the gain can exactly compensate the loss and the adiabatic propagation can occur for any beams with any profiles. However, the optical beams will shed a part of its energy as dispersive waves if they are lumped amplification like the cases of optical pulses in fibers. The numerical simulations agree well with the variational results.
We report the first experimental observation of spatial solitons with complex polarization states, called the Poincar'{e} polarization solitons (PPSs) in lead glass with strongly nonlocal nonlinearity. The formations of PPSs with topological charge of $l = 1$, including the cylindrical elliptical-polarization soliton (CEPS) and the angularly-hybrid polarization soliton (AHPS), were observed. We showed that the annular profiles and the complex polarization distributions of the first-order PPSs can be remained. Based on the linear stability analysis, we proved that the first-order PPSs are fully stable and the second-order PPS can survive only when one of the two component vortices dominates.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.