IntroductionEndoscopy has become a necessity in diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The objective of our study was to evaluate the different indications and findings of upper GI endoscopy.MethodsThis retrospective analysis was undertaken at department of Gastroenterology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Records of all upper GI endoscopic procedures from 1st January 2018 till 31st December 2020 were evaluated.ResultsA total 3299 upper GI endoscopic procedures were perfumed during the three-year time period. Mean age was 47 years. Majority of patients were males. Almost 48% of patients belonged to the middle-aged group. The most common indication was upper GI bleeding (57%), followed by dyspepsia (15%). The most common finding was esophageal varices (43%), followed by portal gastropathy (26%) and gastritis (16%).ConclusionThis study concludes that the majority of endoscopies are being undertaken as a result of complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Background: One of the most common clinical problem encountered by physicians in clinical practice is dyspepsia. This symptom has great impact on quality of life of patients. There are numerous causes of dyspepsia, organic as well as functional. Endoscopy is the diagnostic test of choice in these patients. Aim: The aim of our study was to see the endoscopic findings in patients with persistent dyspepsia. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data of patients who underwent Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for persistent dyspepsia was collected and evaluated. Results: There were 495 patients in our study, 244 females and 251 males, with a mean age of 41 years. Almost half of the patients belonged to 21-40 years age group. The most common endoscopic finding in patients with persistent dyspepsia was gastritis (n=219, 44.2%), followed by normal endoscopy (n= 94, 19%), incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (n=67, 13.5%), gastric malignancy (n=48, 9.7%). Ulcer disease was found in just 15 patients (3%). Conclusion: Most common endoscopic finding in patients with persistent dyspepsia was gastritis followed by normal endoscopy. Key Words: dyspepsia, endoscopy

IntroductionHepatitis C has gradually become endemic in Pakistan, with infectivity rates one of the highest in the world. The emergence of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has become a ray of sunshine in eradicating this menace from this region. The combination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir and ribavirin (SOF/DACLA/RIBA) has had phenomenal success all over the world in eradicating this virus. Our study aims to see the effectiveness of this regime in this part of the world.MethodsAfter approval from the institutional review board (IRB), retrospective analysis of data of treatment naïve patients who have been treated with the above mentioned regimen was collected to assess the efficacy by calculating the sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after completion of therapy.ResultsData of 300 patients (172 females, 128 males) was collected. Mean age was 39.66 years. Majority (almost 90%) of patients were from District Multan Age range was from 18 years to 60 years. Eighty-three percent of the patients were non-cirrhotics, 15.7% had compensated cirrhosis, while only 1 % had decompensated cirrhosis. Out of the 300 patients, 291 patients had undetectable HCV RNA on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 12 weeks after completion of treatment, achieving SVR rates of 97%. There was no significant association of SVR rates with gender and age of patients.ConclusionThe combination of SOF/DACA/RIBA is highly efficacious for treatment of hepatitis C patients.