MERS-CoV acquisition from unrecognized mild or asymptomatic cases may be a more important contributor to ongoing transmission than previously appreciated.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common disease in Saudi Arabia. As most cases of tuberculosis are due to reactivation of latent infection, identification of individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) who are at increased risk of progression to active disease, is a key element of tuberculosis control programs. Whereas general screening of individuals for LTBI is not cost-effective, targeted testing of individuals at high risk of disease progression is the right approach. Treatment of those patients with LTBI can diminish the risk of progression to active tuberculosis disease in the majority of treated patients. This statement is the first Saudi guideline for testing and treatment of LTBI and is a result of the cooperative efforts of four local Saudi scientific societies. This Guideline is intended to provide physicians and allied health workers in Saudi Arabia with the standard of care for testing and treatment of LTBI.

No abstract

Strain D958, a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, was isolated from a 69-year-old Saudi male patient presenting with severe sepsis immediately after admission. Despite high serum levels of vancomycin, the same S. aureus strain was isolated from five blood culture sets during 1 week. Treatment failure under therapeutic levels of vancomycin prompted us to investigate the resistance profile of this strain in further detail. The MIC values for vancomycin as determined by Etest and microdilution were 3.0 and 2.0 mg/liter, respectively, and remained unchanged during the treatment course.

A girl developed Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a non-malarious area. Twelve to 18 days before onset, she had been hospitalized for asthma on the same ward as three malaria patients. The only link between the malaria patients and the asthma patient was a multidose heparin container used to fill syringes for use on heparin locks and intravenous devices. Contamination of the heparin with blood occurred on at least one occasion when a needle had been left in place through the septum of this container and was used to refill a used syringe.

Klebsiella pneumoniae LO10 was responsible for an outbreak that occurred in the neonatal unit at Security Forces Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Over a period of eight months nine cases of bacteremia resulted in two deaths. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins was transferred from strain LO10 to E. coli by both conjugation and transformation. Sequence determination of the plasmid gene from two transconjugants and one transformant indicated that resistance was carried by a ca.100-kb plasmid encoding beta-lactamase SHV-12. This is the first description of a K. pneumoniae producing a type SHV-12 extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Riyadh. Long term exposure to antibiotics, prolonged stay, and heavy use of third generation cephalosporins contributed to the spread of the resistant strain in the unit. Strict infection control measures led to control of the outbreak.

No abstract

No abstract