In order to study the relationship between the chemical structure and pyrolysis products of oil shale, a series of experiments with Huadian oil shale of China were performed at various heating rates (10, 20 and 50 °C/min) by using Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The quantitative analysis of pyrolysis products, including CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and shale oil, was carried out. The results showed the temperature at which the evolution rate of pyrolysis products reached a peak value. Also, the evolution rate was found to increase with increasing heating rate. For the abovementioned pyrolysis products, the values of kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E) and pre-exponent factor (A) were between 183 and 270 kJ • mol-1 and from 3.3 × 10 9 to 2.8 × 10 13 s-1 , respectively. The Functional Group-Depolymerization Vaporization Crosslinking (FG-DVC) pyrolysis model based on the chemical structure of fuel was employed to simulate the evolution process of CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and shale oil at three different heating rates: 10, 20 and 50 °C/min. The simulation results were in good agreement with TG-FTIR experimental data, indicating the applicability of the FG-DVC model to modelling the pyrolysis process of oil shale.
Utilization of the semi-coke collected from oil shale retorts is very important and advantageous. Due to the inflammable property, co-combustion of semicoke with other good quality solid fuels could be effectual. In this research, a kinetic study of the combustion of oil shale semi-coke (SC) mixed with bituminous coal (C) was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates. Popescu's method was applied to analyze the kinetic mechanisms of combustion of oil shale semi-coke, bituminous coal and their blends; Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method was employed to determine the activation energies of those combustion reactions. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that three-dimensional diffusion model could be implemented either for the combustion process of oil shale semi-coke or for bituminous coal while for their blends the model of random nucleation and growth could be applied. The activation energies of oil shale semi-coke and the blends of semi-coke and bituminous coal decreased in the beginning, and then increased during the combustion process. Activation energies of the blends decreased with increasing amount of bituminous coal.
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