Preparation of crystalline beta barium borate (βBaB2O4) thin films by opposedtargets magnetron sputteringMetallic films of RuO 2 were deposited by reactive-sputtering deposition on single crystal substrates of Al 2 O 3 ͑0001͒ and SrTiO 3 ͑100͒ at room temperature and 450°C. Measurement of the characteristic hysteresis loop revealed that the target's transition from a metal to a metal oxide surface occurred at a very high O 2 /Ar ratio ͑88%͒ under our experimental conditions. The hysteretical behavior of the transition was evaluated experimentally and was modeled. Resonance-enhanced Rutherford backscattering spectrometry established that the films deposited at 450°C had an oxygen to ruthenium ratio of 1.97, while a slightly higher value of 2.08 was observed for the films grown at room temperature. The latter films were amorphous, whereas those grown at 450°C exhibited a highly oriented polycrystalline microstructure. On SrTiO 3 ͑100͒, the RuO 2 ͑100͒ plane is parallel to the substrate surface, but no in-plane orientation was found. The same face, RuO 2 ͑100͒, was also parallel to the surface of Al 2 O 3 ͑0001͒, and the ͓001͔ direction of individual grains of RuO 2 aligned with the three ͗1 010͘ directions of the substrate to produce a threefold mosaic microstructure.
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