PACS 72.15.Jf -Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects PACS 71.20.Nr -Semiconductor compounds PACS 79.60.-i -Photoemission and photoelectron spectraAbstract. -The electronic structure of p-type doped Bi2Te3 is studied by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to experimentally confirm the mechanism responsible for the high thermoelectric figure of merit. Our ARPES study shows that the band edges are located off the Γ-Z line in the Brillouin zone, which provides direct observation that the spin-orbit interaction is a key factor to understand the electronic structure and the corresponding thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3. Successive time dependent ARPES measurement also reveals that the electron-like bands crossing EF near the Γ point are formed in an hour after cleaving the crystals. We interpret these as surface states induced by surface band bending, possibly due to quintuple inter-layer distance change of Bi2Te3.

Serum total osteocalcin was closely associated with glucose and lipid metabolism in both Chinese men and post-menopausal women.

Bariatric surgery is effectual and safe in the treatment of non-severely obese (BMI < 35 kg/m(2) ) T2DM patients. Moreover, the metabolic benefits acquired from the procedures can be long sustained after the surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between measures of central and overall obesity and risk of diabetes. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 57 130 women were screened for diabetes at enrollment for the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based cohort study of Chinese women aged 40-70 y. In this study, 345 women diagnosed with diabetes and 2760 age-matched controls (eight controls per case), randomly selected from women who tested negative for urine glucose, were included. RESULTS: Risk of diabetes increased significantly with increasing levels of obesity, particularly with measures of central obesity. Compared to those in the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of body mass index (BMI) (Z26.57) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (Z0.855) had a 2.57-fold (95% CI 1.75-3.77) and a 6.05-fold (95% CI 4.05-9.04) increased risk of diabetes, respectively. The risk of diabetes was elevated with increasing WHR at all levels of BMI, while the positive association between BMI and diabetes was observed primarily among women with a low WHR. However, test for multiplicative interaction was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that central obesity is a stronger risk factor for diabetes than overall obesity, suggesting that WHR may be a better indicator of risk of diabetes than BMI among Chinese women. IntroductionEstimates from the World Health Organization predict that by the year 2025, 300 million people worldwide will be diagnosed with diabetes. 1 The Asian/Pacific region, accounting for 46 percent of the global burden of diabetes, includes the largest population of people diagnosed with diabetes in the world. 2 Studies among the Chinese have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of diabetes during the past 10 years, particularly in urban areas such as Shanghai. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The increased prevalence of type II diabetes in these and other Asian populations can be attributed, at least partially, to increases in obesity. 2,[5][6][7]10 Body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) are the two anthropometric measurements most frequently used to assess obesity and central obesity. Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated that both BMI and WHR are powerful predictors of type II diabetes, the relative contribution of each to an individual's risk remains unclear. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Further complicating this issue, quantitative definitions used to indicate obesity differ among studies and among gender and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization currently defines overweight as a BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m 2 and obese as a BMI Z30 kg/m 2 . 20 However, compared to Caucasians, Chinese people appear to have a higher body fat percentage given the same BMI. 5 Specifically, 32 percent body fat, which is considered obese by the WHO, corresponded to a BMI of only 21.2 kg/m 2 in Chinese women, which is considered Furthermore, given the strong correlation between central and overall obesity, and the hig...

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Optical control of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic (FM) metals via non-thermal effects offers an intriguing route for the ultrafast magnetization control. Here, we report on strong modification of exchange-coupling induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in Fe/CoO below the Néel temperature of CoO owing to the charge transfer excited by ultrafast laser pulses. This UMA modification by nonthermal effects is manifested as much smaller frequencies of the Fe spin precession in the initial 100-ps time range under the 400-nm pump with charge transfer excitation, compared to the 800-nm pump with pure thermal effects. From the time-dependent frequency shift under a moderate pump fluence of 0.5 mJ/cm2, we determined the magnitude of the UMA attenuation with a highest value of more than 1000 Oe in a duration of 100 ps. The strong UMA attenuation is attributed to the large suppression of the interface exchange coupling as a result of the diminishment of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin order in CoO. Our results give insights into the ultrafast spin modulation in AFM CoO dominated by the electronic process, which can be utilized for efficient driving of the coherent spin motion in the proximate FM metal exchange coupled to CoO.