The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of ethanol (EtHI), ethyl acetate (EAHI) fractions of Habenaria intermedia D. Don, Orchidaceae (HI), tubers using immobilization induced acute stress (AS), chronic stress (CS) and swimming induced stress in experimental animals. The tested doses of EtHI (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and higher dose of EAHI (200 mg/kg, p.o.) normalized altered serum biochemical parameters and the severity of ulcers in both AS and CS. EAHI and EtHI restored the hyperthrophy of adrenal gland and atrophy of spleen and thymus gland in AS and CS. Greater swimming time was noted in the mice pretreated with EtHI and EAHI. Levels of adrenal ascorbic acid and cortisol were restored signifi cantly. EAHI exhibited prominent scavenging effect of DPPH, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation in vitro. Phytochemical studies resulted in the isolation of scopoletin and gallic acid as marker compounds. Our results proved the traditional claim of HI as anti-stress/adaptogen in Ayurvdea.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of deaths despite several advancements in the current medical interventions. Among them, myocardial infarction (MI) is the most alarming disease as about 17.1 million peoples die every year due to MI. Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effect of combination of standardized extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (SETC) (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and Ocimum sanctum (SEOS) (50 mg/kg) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI. Materials and methods: MI was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of ISO for 2 consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were pretreated with test drugs for the period of 21 days, and ISO was administered on the 20 th and 21 st days. At the end of experiment, i.e., on 22 nd -day electrocardiograph, a hemodynamic, biochemical, and histopathological study of heart tissues was evaluated from control and experimental groups and statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Results: ISO-administered rats showed significant changes in electrocardiograph, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, biochemical markers, antioxidant parameters, and histopathology of heart. The activities of cardiac biomarkers were reduced in serum, and there was an increase in antioxidants in heart tissue of test drug-treated animals. Similarly, electrocardiograph, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were restored to normalcy in all test and standard drug-treated animals. Conclusion: The SETC 500 mg/kg in combination with SEOS 50 mg/kg was found to be effective in prevention of myocardial injury induced by ISO.
An attempt has been made to isolate, identify and screen the endophytic crude fractions of Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don) leaves for antioxidant activity and also for 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer. Endophytic fungi from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don leaves were isolated and cultured aseptically in PDA media. The developed fungus cultures were fermented in potato dextrose broth and fractionated using chloroform. Isolated fungus was identified from Mucur Sp. in preliminary identification method. Chroloform extract-1 of Mucor sp. (CEM-1) was subjected to free radical scavenging activities against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl free radicals and reducing power assay. The fraction was further assessed against DMH induced colon cancer in rats. DMH was induced subcutaneous route twice a week for 2 weeks with 40mg /kg body weight. The crude fractions were administered to the rats five times a week for four weeks by gavages at doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg body weight/day each, during and after DMH treatment. All animals were sacrificed in week 5 for the evaluation of ACF. The colons were dissected out for histopathological study to find out aberrant crypt foci (ACF) % inhibition. Fraction was found to be potential free radical scavenger with IC50 values of 104.07µg/ml & 341.13µg/ml for DPPH and hydroxyl radical respectively. It also shows increasing order reducing power activity with significantly % inhibition in ACF. Therefore these data support the claim that endophytes are an alternative source for novel secondary metabolites.
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