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Sample size guideline for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was long established however none investigate the effect from the difference of measurement scales. The authors are concern if researchers prefer to use the minimum number of sample size from the guideline in conducting EFA especially in the clinical setting since it is difficult to get enough sample size. Here, the authors present a guideline of sample size requirement according to various types of measurement scales and also suggest guideline if any researcher planned to apply the rule of thumb that proposes the smallest number of sample size for EFA.

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Kertas ini menjejak perubahan fertiliti tujuh kumpulan kohot kelahiran. Penjejakan dilakukan dengan cara menggabung model fertiliti perkahwinan dan model umur perkahwinan. Kedua-dua model telah diusulkan oleh Coale dan Trusell. Kaedah regresi tak linear digunakan untuk menganggar parameter anu pada model. Didapati model yang dicadangkan mampu memadan data laporan kelahiran tahunan dengan baik. Berasaskan pemadanan ini didapati kadar fertiliti wanita Malaysia terus menurun. Kohot kelahiran selepas dekad lima puluhan mempunyai kadar fertiliti semulajadi 50 % kadar yang sepatutnya. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan purata umur wanita berkahwin terus meningkat. Purata tahun diambil untuk memasuki alam perkahwinan setelah seseorang mencapai umur minimum berkahwin meningkat dari tiga kepada empat tahun. Purata umur berkahwin bagi kohot muda sekitar 21 – 22 tahun manakala kohot tua sekitar 15 – 16 tahun. Kertas ini juga turut membincangkan bagaimana perubahan kegiatan ekonomi berperanan dalam mencorakkan perubahan yang dikesan. Kata kunci: Fertiliti, kadar fertiliti, jumlah kadar fertiliti, fertiliti semulajadi, umur berkahwin This paper attempts to trace fertility changes for seven birth cohorts. Both marital fertility model and model for age of marriage by Coale and Trussell are combined to trace the changes. Nonlinear regression technique is used to estimate the unknown parameters of the model. The model suggested is found to fit the yearly birth data well. Based on the model fitting, it is discovered that fertility rate among Malaysian women declines steadily. The post 50s birth cohorts have natural fertility rate of only half of the supposed rate. Average age of marriage among women is found to be on the increase. The study also reveals an increase from three years to four years, the average number of years required prior to entering marriage life after a woman reaches a minimum age of marriage. The younger cohorts´ average age of marriage is around 21 to 22 years whereas the older cohorts is around 15 to 16 years. This paper also discusses on how changes in economic activities are responsible to shape the pattern of changes traced. Key words: Fertility fertility rate, total fertility rate, age of marriage

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<p>The size, structure, and composition of a population are affected by the fertility rates at any point of time. Many researchers took the opportunity to exploit the fertility rates in obtaining better fertility patterns for their country. The curve for the age specific fertility rate is consistent, and this feature allows the curve to be matched with a mathematical model. This paper aimed to identify the best mathematical model that fits the recent age specific fertility rate in Peninsular Malaysia. This study fitted the fertility data of Peninsular Malaysia from 1996 to 2014 to the four mathematical models, which were Hadwiger, Gamma, Beta, and Gompertz models. From the comparisons of the four models, it was found that the best fitted mathematical model is Hadwiger model. In relation to the data of early 21st century, there was an inclination for the best fitted mathematical model from Hadwiger model to Beta model. Hence, the best mathematical model for each year can be used to convert a fertility schedule classified in a five-year age group into a fertility schedule for a single-year of age in Peninsular Malaysia. This model also can be helpful for population projections by using limited and defective data. </p>