ABSTRAK: Latar Belakang: Anak usia sekolah di Indonesia memiliki risiko besar terkena karies karena faktor makanan, penggunaan fluoride, penggunaan susu botol serta tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku dari orang tua yang berkaitan dengan perawatan gigi dan mulut. Pada anak usia Taman Kanak-kanak, perawatan gigi dan mulut masih bergantung kepada ibu yang merupakan figur terdekat seorang anak. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu dan perilaku ibu dalam merawat gigi anak terhadap kejadian karies anak di TK Titi Dharma Denpasar. Metode penelitian: desain penelitian menggunakan metode cross-sectional analitik pada 46 ibu serta anaknya. Ibu diberikan kuesioner untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan serta perilaku dalam merawat gigi anak, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan rongga mulut untuk mengetahui indeks karies anak dari ibu yang telah mengisi kuesioner tersebut. Hasil : dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 67,9% ibu memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, kemudian terdapat 65,22% ibu dengan perilaku yang baik mengenai perawatan gigi anak. Indeks karies di TK Titi Dharma Denpasar sebesar 3,9 (kategori sedang). Kesimpulan: kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan serta perilaku ibu dalam merawat gigi anak terhadap kejadian karies anak di TK Titi Dharma Denpasar.
Background: Necrotic teeth with periapical lesions often experience root canal treatment failure. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria cause 85-90% of root canal infections. 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) can eliminate Enterococcus faecalis bacteria but cannot dissolve necrotic tissue, while green meniran phytochemical compounds (Phyllantus niruri Linn) have anti-bacterial properties. This study aims to determine the effectiveness, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) between green meniran leaf extract with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and meniran extract only against the growth of Enterococcus faecalis.Method: This is an in vitro experimental study with a broth microdilution method consisting of two treatment groups. The negative control contained BHIB media and 0.05 ml of bacteria; the positive control had 0.05 ml of bacteria with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, the group one consisted of BHIB media, bacteria and various concentrations of meniran extract. In contrast, group two consisted of BHIB media, bacteria, various concentrations of green meniran with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test with LSD test.Results: Compared with negative control, in group one, we found the MIC of meniran extract was 3.125% with 94% anti-bacterial power, and the MBC was 6.25% with no bacterial growth. In group 2, we found the MIC of meniran extract and the 2% chlorhexidine digluconate was 0.78% with 9.3% anti-bacterial power, while the MBC was 1.56%.Conclusion: The increasing concentration of meniran extract also increases the anti-bacterial effect. A combination of meniran extract and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate give better anti-bacterial effects than meniran extract only.
Introduction: Dental caries in children is a very important issue and a major of dental and oral diseases in Indonesia. Caries is caused by multifactorial, four main factors including Host, Substrate, Microorganisms, and Time. The most influential of the high prevalence of caries is the behaviour. Behaviour of dental and oral health care has an important role to influence the dental and oral health status. Behaviour of dental and oral health care such as toothbrushing behaviour, consumption of food, and dentist visits. The purpose of this study was describing the relationship between behaviour of dental and oral health care against caries among student of SD 1 Astina Singaraja. Method: This study was an observasional analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. Sample number were 102 students who selected by Simple Random Sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaire and screening with sonde and mouth mirror sterile. Result: Chi square test result showed p value = 0.005 (p<0.05) at the behaviour of dental and oral health care both in def-t and DMF-T categories. Conclusion: It can be cocluded that there were relationship between behaviour of dental and oral health care against caries among student of SD 1 Astina Singaraja p=0.005 (p<0.05).
Background: Principle treatment of non-vital teeth with open apex is not different from the endodontic treatment of non-vital teeth, including cleaning and shaping root canals and obturation of root canals with filling materials. Chemomechanical cleansing of the root canal by administering intracanal drugs to help close the apex and formed the apex barrier. The treatment that can be done is Apexification. Apexification aims to stimulate further development or to continue the process of forming a tooth apex that has not yet fully grown but has already experienced pulp death by forming hard tissue in the apex area of the tooth. The material often used for apexification is Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) because of its ability to stimulate the hard tissue around the apex as an apical calcific barrier.Case report: A 15-year-old male patient had broken teeth five years ago, never experienced swelling, but often felt pain. The tooth was filled not long after it broke two months ago. It started to hurt when biting. The objective examination showed, on element 21, there was a composite fill in the mesial to distal region, vitality tests using CE (-), percussion (+) and palpation (-). The periapical radiographs showed a radiopaque area on the crown of tooth 21 in the 2/3 area of the crown. At the end of the apex, it appears not completely closed, and there is a radiolucent image of about 4mm. The action on tooth 21 was performed root canal treatment and calcium hydroxide application to the root canal and was controlled. Conclusion: The result of treatment after six months of control started to show the apical barrier at the apex area, and then the crown was fixed permanently. Latar belakang: Perawatan gigi non vital dengan apeks terbuka pada prinsipnya tidak berbeda dengan perawatan endodontik gigi non vital, yaitu meliputi pembersihan dan pembentukan saluran akar, disinfeksi saluran akar dan obturasi saluran akar dengan bahan pengisi. Pembersihan saluran akar secara kemomekanis dengan pemberian obat-obatan intrakanal untuk membantu penutupan apeks dan membentuk barrier apeks. Perawatan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu Apeksifikasi. Apeksifikasi bertujuan untuk merangsang perkembangan lebih lanjut atau meneruskan proses pembentukan apeks gigi yang belum tumbuh sempurna tetapi sudah mengalami kematian pulpa dengan membentuk jaringan keras pada daerah apeks gigi. Bahan yang sering digunakan untuk apeksifikasi adalah Kalsium hidroksida (Ca(OH)2), karena kemampuannya merangsang jaringan keras di sekitar apeks, sebagai apical calcific barrier. Laporan kasus: Pasien laki-laki berusia 15 tahun giginya patah 5 tahun yang lalu, tidak pernah mengalami pembengkakan, tetapi sering terasa nyeri. Gigi tersebut sudah ditambal tidak lama setelah patah, dan sejak 2 bulan yang lalu mulai terasa sakit saat menggigit. Pemeriksaan objektif menunjukkan, pada elemen 21 nampak tumpatan komposit pada daerah mesial sampai distal, tes vitalitas menggunakan CE (-), perkusi (+) dan palpasi (-). Hasil pemeriksaan radiografi periapikal menunjukkan terdapat daerah radiopaque pada mahkota gigi 21 didaerah 2/3 mahkota yang mengenai mesial dan distal. Pada ujung apeks nampak belum tertutup sempurna dan terdapat gambaran radiolusen yang berbatas tidak jelas sekitar 4mm. Tindakan pada gigi 21 dilakukan perawatan saluran akar dan aplikasi kalsium hidroksida pada saluran akar dan dilakukan kontrol.Kesimpulan: Hasil perawatan setelah kontrol 6 bulan mulai nampak apical barrier pada daerah apeks kemudian dilakukan tumpatan permanen pada mahkota.
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