Background: Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) is an integral part of the facial skeleton inanterolateral prominence thus makes it prone to injury. Common etiologies include motor vehicleaccidents, industrial accidents, sport injuries and interpersonal violence. Interfragmentary fixationtechnique is one of the surgery procedures for ZMC fracture. Purpose: To perform interfragmentaryfixation through subtarsal and extended subciliary incision on young and aged patients. Case Report:Reported cases of unilateral zygomaticomaxillary fracture in 75 years old male and 37 years oldfemale. Clinical Question: Does interfragmentary fixation using mini plates and screws provide goodresults on face reconstruction of ZMC fractures? Method: Literature searching was performed throughCochrane database, PubMed, Clinical Key and Google Scholar. Result: The search obtained 65literatures which were published in the last 10 years, and found 26 articles relevant with the topic.Conclusion: Interfragmentary fixation technique is one of surgery procedures for ZMC fractures thatgives satisfactory results in terms of function and aesthetics. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kompleks zigomatico maksilaris (KZM) merupakan bagian integral tulangwajah pada anterolateral, menonjol dan cembung sehingga rentan terhadap cedera. Sebagian besarfraktur KZM terjadi akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas, kecelakaan kerja, kecelakaan saat berolahraga dankekerasan interpersonal. Teknik fiksasi inter fragmen merupakan salah satu pilihan tindakan operatifpada fraktur KZM. Tujuan: Melakukan teknik fiksasi inter fragmen dengan pendekatan insisisubtarsal dan insisi sub siliar berlanjut pada pasien muda dan usia lanjut. Laporan Kasus:Dilaporkan dua kasus fraktur KZM unilateral pada pasien laki-laki usia 75 tahun dan perempuanusia 37 tahun. Pertanyaan klinis: Apakah fiksasi inter fragmen menggunakan plat dan sekrup (plateand screw) memberikan hasil yang baik pada rekonstruksi wajah fraktur KZM? Metode: Penelusuranliteratur dilakukan melalui Cochrane database, PubMed, Clinicalkey dan Google Scholar. Hasil:Ditemukan 65 literatur yang diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir, dan didapatkan 26 artikel yangrelevan dengan topik yang dibahas. Kesimpulan: Teknik fiksasi inter fragmen merupakan salah satupilihan tindakan operatif pada fraktur KZM.
<div class="WordSection1"><p class="Body"><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong>Eosinofilik otitis media (EOM) merupakan otitis media yang sulit disembuhkan dengan karakteristik adanya cairan efusi berwarna kuning pada telinga tengah dengan viskositas tinggi yang mengandung akumulasi eosinofil yang luas. Onset EOM terjadi pada dekade kelima dengan perbandingan prevalensi eosinofilik otitis media pada wanita dan pria, yaitu sebesar 2 : 1. Pasien dengan EOM akan menunjukkan penurunan pendengaran yang bertahap atau cepat. <strong>Tujuan:</strong>Mengetahui dan memahami EOM.<strong>Tinjauan Pustaka:</strong>EOM dikaitkan dengan pasien yang menderita asma bronkial, polip nasal dan pasien dengan intoleransi aspirindengan ditemukannya peningkatan jumlah IgE pada mukosa telinga tengah. Pada EOM, eosinofil yang teraktivasi akan melepaskan protein sitotoksik yang disebut dengan <em>eosinophilic cationic protein </em>(ECP). Eosinofil dapat bermigrasi dan merusak telinga bagian dalam melalui <em>round window</em>. <strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Ditemukannya eosinofil pada mukosa dan cairan efusi telinga tengah akan menyebabkan degranulasi dan dilepaskannya ECP. Produksi berlebihan dari IgE pada mukosa telinga tengah berhubungan dengan kondisi patologis dari EOM sebagai respon tipe lambat yang dimediasi IgE. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan telinga bagian dalam dan berujung pada gangguan pendengaran berupa tuli sensorineural.<strong>Kata Kunci:</strong>Eosinofilik otitis media, eosinofil, IgE, ECP, tuli sensorineural</p><p class="Body"> </p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em>Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is an intractable otitis media characterized by the presence of a highly viscous yellow effusion with extensive accumulation of eosinophils in the middle ear. The age at the onset of EOM is approximately in the fifties and the female and male ratio is about 2 : 1. Eosinophilic otitis media patients show gradual or sudden deterioration of hearing.</em><strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>Determining and understanding the EOM. </em><strong><em> Literature Review:</em></strong><em>EOM associated with adults with bronchial asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin-intolerance by finding the elevation of IgE accumulation in the middle ear mucosa. In EOM patient, eosinophil releases cytotoxic protein called </em><em>eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP).</em><em>Eosinophil will migrate and eventually cause inner ear damage through round window. </em><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em></em><em>Most of eosinophils in the middle ear mucosa and middle ear effusion were activated, resulting in degranulation and release of ECP. Local IgE over production indicating that the intractable inflammation is closely associated with IgE-mediated late phase response. This condition will damage inner ears and can cause<strong></strong>sensorineural hearing loss.<strong> </strong></em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>:<em></em></strong><em>Eosinophilic otitis media, eosinophil, IgE, ECP, sensorineural hearing loss</em></p></div>
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy in the head and neck region that has a unique geographic distribution and is closely related to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. The growth of malignancy due to viruses is largely determined by the host immune response. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) emerged as important components of the innate immune system playing an important role in sensitizing, controlling, destroying pathogens and responding to viral infections. TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are thought to affect individual susceptibility to cancer. This inherited polymorphism has an impact on the heterogeneity of the immune system response in the form of changes in antiviral function and effects. This comparative analytic study used a cross sectional comparative study design on 23 Minangkabau ethnic NPC patients and 23 healthy Minangkabau ethnicity patients as controls. Respondents were examined for TLR3 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction sequence (PCR) sequencing method. Data were analyzed statistically with a computer program and declared significant if p<0.05. TLR3 polymorphisms (rs3775291) were found in both the NPC and control groups in the form of homozygous mutants and heterozygous mutants. Homozygous mutants were found in the NPC group as much as 21.7%, while in the control group it was 30.4%. Heterozygous mutants were found in the NPC group as much as 39.1%, while in the control group as much as 34.8%. Statistically there was no significant relationship between TLR3 polymorphism (rs3775291) and the incidence of NPC with p> 0.05. There is no relationship between TLR3 polymorphism (rs3775291) and the incidence of NPC in the Minangkabau ethnic group.
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