In this study, to make a good bioplastic composite, starch-based bioplastic is produced by adding polylactic acid (PLA) to improve its properties. PLA was added into starch-based bioplastic with various concentrations of 0, 3, and 10 wt.%. The extrusion was performed at 90-150 °C and compression moulding process was conducted at 150 °C and pressured at 50 kgf/cm2. Bioplastic composites have been characterized to know its properties. FTIR analysis indicated shifting and increasing spectra of interaction between PLA and starch-based bioplastic. Contact angle and solubility analysis revealed that adding PLA can increase the stability of hydrophobic characteristic and insoluble properties. The combination of PLA and starch-based bioplastic can improve the mechanical properties. In addition, thermal properties of bioplastic composites have a better thermal stability and produce a lower melting point thus the energy needed to melt for bioplastic composites becomes milt as raising PLA composition. The density of bioplastics was in the range of 1.2 - 1.3 g/cm3 that would be good for light bioplastic. The results of this study showed that the combination of starch-based bioplastics and PLA at low concentration (10wt.%) potentially could enhance the properties of bioplastic composites for food packaging.
Thermoplastic agar (TPA) was prepared by a melt extrusion process and the effects of water contents on the material properties of these foams were investigated. Bioplastics were produced by mixing agar, glycerol, and water at ratio agar; glycerol: water was 5:3:2; 5:3:3; and 5:3:4 through the melting process at 120 °C and 18 rpm. The addition of water affected the extrusion process more easily, so the pellet could move easily from the extruder, but the moisture content of TPA increased with water addition. Then, TGA analysis showed no difference in decreasing mass in the sample with water addition. Permeability, elongation, contact angle, density, moisture content, and WVTR of bioplastics increased with water addition. The FTIR curves indicated that the interaction between water and agar may form much more hydrogen bonds. The best treatment was bioplastics with agar:glycerol:water=5:3:2, which have characteristics: tensile strength 16.19 MPa, elongation at break 102.56%, moisture content %, contact angle 72.81°, density 1.38 g/ml, moisture content 3.09%, transparency value 0.067, and WVTR 1334.59 g/m2.24 h.
Carbon black/PVDF copolymer (CB/PVDF copolymer) nanofiber composite has been synthesized by electrospinning process. Nanostructure and surface property of CB/PVDF copolymer were studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and water contact angle (WCA). Nanofiber composite has smooth surface morphology without bead on nanofiber string. Increase of CB content in nanofiber composite decreased diameter of nanofiber size. Range of average nanofiber diameter was from 405.2 and 421.3 nm where it depended on CB content in nanofiber composite. FTIR and XRD analysis showed that structure of PVDF copolymer in nanofiber composite had a dominant β phase crystal structure. The β phase was showed and confirmed by vibration band peak at 838.55 cm-1 of IR spectrum and 2θ = 20.44° of XRD. Presence of CB in nanofiber composite also influenced WCA and water spreading on nanofiber composite. WCA of pristine PVDF copolymer, CB/PVDF copolymer nanofiber with 1% CB, and CB/PVDF copolymer with 5% CB were 113.8, 105.2, 117.3°. From this result showed that nanostructure and surface characteristic can be adjusted and controlled by presence of CB in nanofiber composite. This result has potential application for air filtration to solve air pollution issued. Keywords: CB/PVDF copolymer nanofiber composite, carbon black, nanostructure, electrospinning, water contact angle of nanofiber composite Kulcsszavak: CB/PVDF kopolimer nanoszál kompozit, szén fekete, nanoszerkezet, elektroszálképzés, víz nedvesítési szöge nanoszál kompoziton ARDENISWAN He received his master degree in environmental engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology. His research interest is in the field of hazardous waste and environmental monitoring such as air and water pollution. The 11th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM11) attempts to bring together scientists, technologists and manufacturers of Hard Materials. This broad but unique set of materials includes technically successful and continuously evolving subgroups such as cemented carbides, cermets, advanced ceramics, composites and super-hard materials. Through the years, synergy between science and technology has catalyzed achievement of superior quality and enhanced performance of components, tools and devices of hard materials by means of innovative microstructural design at different length-scales: bulk/film, monolithic/composite, functionally graded, surface modified, and micro/nano-structures. As a consequence, the range of applications for hard materials has been growing not only within consolidated sectors such as metalworking, mining, oil-and gas-drilling, construction, process and machine building industries, but also into high-tech and emerging technologies in the electronics, aeronautics and dental sectors, among others. As it has been the tradition in the previous ten conferences, the aim of ICSHM11 will be to provide an interdisciplinary forum for presentation, discussion and exchange of modeling,...
A separator is an important part of lithium-ion batteries. Nanofiber separator is one promising material to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries. SiO2/cPVDF composite nanofiber was successfully synthesis by the electrospinning process. SiO2 nanoparticle, cPVDF, and N-N DMAc were used to synthesis composite nanofiber. SiO2 content influences nanostructure, morphology, diameter and thermal property of nanofiber. Nanofiber separator prepared with the optimum condition of flow rate 0,004 mL/min, voltage 22 kV, and the distance to collector 13 cm. Structure of nanofiber separator was analyzed with ATR-FTIR. FTIR vibration band peak at 1057.8 cm−1 839.4 cm−1 and 761.3 cm−1 were related to Si-OH functional group, a distinctive β phase crystal and α phase crystal, respectively. The average diameter of cPVDF nanofiber, SiO2/cPVDF (0.5%) nanofiber, SiO2/cPVDF (0.75%), and SiO2/cPVDF (1%) were 648.3 nm, 320.6, 347.1, and 388.8 nm, respectively. Effect of addition of silica nanoparticles decreased the average diameter nanofiber. Electrospun SiO2/cPVDF composite nanofiber also showed different thermal behavior under different gases conditions in TGA study, and it is observed that the nanofiber separator could stand until near 400°C before the main chain’s degradation occur. XRD and DSC analysis showed that increasing of SiO2 content decreased crystallinity of nanofiber composite. Water contact angle experimental results of SiO2/cPVDF composite nanofiber revealed an improvement of hydrophobicity with the addition of SiO2 on nanofiber composite.
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