A simple and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of biologically relevant 2-substituted benzimidazoles and quinoxalines using magnetically separable manganese ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4 ) nanopowder for the first time as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst at room temperature under aerobic conditions. MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were prepared by a simple sol-gel method using starch as a bio-polymeric matrix, and characterized by XRD, TEM, EDAX and VSM analyses.
The merger of the absorption coefficient dispersion, retrieved from transmission by the modified Urbach rule introduced by Ullrich and Bouchenaki [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30, L1285, 1991], with the extended Roosbroeck-Shockley relation reveals that the optical absorption in ZnO distinctively determines the photoluminescence lineshape. Additionally, the ab initio principles employed enable the accurate determination of the carrier lifetime without further specific probing techniques.
We have synthesized nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) ion doped BaTiO 3 nanoparticles through a chemical route using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The concentration of dopant varies from 0 to 2 mole% in the specimens. The results from X-ray diffractograms and transmission electron micrographs show that the particle diameters in the specimen lie in the range 24-40 nm. It is seen that the dielectric permittivity in doped specimens is enhanced by an order of magnitude compared to undoped barium titanate ceramics. The dielectric permittivity shows maxima at 0⋅3 mole% doping of Fe ion and 0⋅6 mole% of Ni ion. The unusual dielectric behaviour of the specimens is explained in terms of the change in crystalline structure of the specimens.
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