This article presents an overview of the main issues, policies and programs related to aging and elderly care practice of Japan based on the available published evidence to date. The Japanese enjoy the world's longest and healthiest lives. This fortunate situation, however, is also causing concern. The rate of population aging in Japan is much greater than that in other developed countries. In Japan, the nuclear family, female employment, decreased fertility rate and changing patterns of family roles have combined to make it more difficult or less desirable to provide that care informally and there are greatly increased demands for community and institutional care. The aging process of Japan not only increased the ratio of the elderly in the population but also accompanied a fundamental change in family and community. Therefore, the various systems which are affected by these changes, such as pensions, medical care and long term care, need to be rebuilt. The aging issue requires a long term commitment with enough foresight; policies must be created as soon as possible with consideration for cultural and social conditions specific to each country and each city. I think the care of the elderly therefore involves a holistic combination of health care, socio-economic care and the provision of suitable environment. In Japan the Long Term Care Insurance Plan and the New Gold Plan alongside other policies and programs are directed towards the care and welfare of elderly people. These policies and programs are actually imitable for countries like Nepal, where are no any substantial policies and programs for caring the elderly. So that we can learn various experiences of coping aging and elderly problem from Japan both in policy and program level. However, Nepal should develop its own policies and programs based on its own cultural traditions, economic capacity and social transitions in the society. Key Words: Aging; elderly care; fertility; policy; programs; Japan; Nepal. DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v3i0.2781 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.3 2009 41-82
The government of Nepal introduced a national health insurance program in 2016 to comply with the constitution and international commitments to ensure universal health coverage by 2030. This qualitative study explores public perceptions and satisfaction concerning the new health insurance program. The study is guided by an interpretive worldview using both in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Altogether, 34 (28 IDIs and 6 FGDs) events were conducted covering both self‐ and government‐sponsored health insurance enrollees in the new health insurance program. The study found that insurees had larger expectations as well as both favorable and negative perceptions of the program. Positive perceptions included that the program helped to lower the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increase coverage with fewer financial contributions, and make it easier to receive health services financially. Negative perceptions included long waiting times for registration, consultations, laboratory test results, and pharmacy visits, as well as the lack of drugs, inadequate coverage (a low ceiling), low‐quality services, and strict procedures, which combined to make insurees dissatisfied. We noticed that insurees had expectations that went beyond the program's guidelines, such as the expectation that services would be provided without queues and long waits, that additional services and coverage would be provided, and that preference would be shown for patients who lived far from hospitals. Adequate information, education, and communication‐ and process‐related interventions that address these issues may help minimize the insurees' unrealistic expectations and areas of dissatisfaction.
Malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems of developing countries where resources are very limited. The common cause of malnutrition is lack of access to the nutritious food, poor breastfeeding practices, offering the wrong foods, and not ensuring that the child gets enough nutritious food. The prevailing high rate of child under-nutrition in the country is one of the major contributing factors of under-five mortality. We aimed to find out nutritional status of children under five years in Magar community group who are financially poor. This was applied cross-sectional study in 115 children (under 5 years) of Magar ethnic group of Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa to assess situation of the nutrition . Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 version for the anlysis the results. This study revealed that 96.5% children were fed with colostrum and 60.2% of the children out of 108 children aged 6-59 months were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Likewise, 56.5% children received timely initiation of complementary feeding. Out of 115 children, 60% were still continuing breastfeeding whereas 1.7% dropped in less than 2 year and 38.3% continued for more than 2 years. Based on Gomez-classification for weight for age (Underweight), among 115 children only 26.1% children aged under 59 months were normal. While, more than half (53.9%) were mildly malnourished, 16.5% were moderately malnourished and 3.5% were severely malnourished. Based on Waterlow‘s classification for Weight for height (wasting), less than half (46.1%) children aged under 59 months were normal. While, 40.9% were mildly malnourished, 10.4% were moderately malnourished and 2.6% were severely malnourished. Similarly, based on Waterlow‘s classification for Height for age (Stunting), 52.2% children aged under 59 months were normal. While, 23.5% were mildly malnourished, 14.8% were moderately malnourished and 9.6% were severely malnourished. This study concluded that most of the children under 5 years’ age of Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa were malnourished.
The aim of this review was to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care knowledge, detection practices and management of dementia among healthcare professionals (HPs). Healthcare professionals play a key role in the detection and management of dementia. However, there is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs in this area. We searched citation index Google scholar, Scopus and Pub Med, Medline, were searched for relevant articles from 2000-2019 without data limit. Inclusion criteria were (1) intervention studies aimed at improving HPs practices concerning dementia care (2) the educational intervention focused on knowledge, detection practice and management of dementia, and (3) peer-reviewed and written in English. Of 4968 articles identified, only 13 articles (six GPs, two clinical/organization care based, one nurse, one physician and affiliated staff and one with physician, manager and therapists based studies) were suitable for inclusion and these all were from developed countries. Seven studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 prospective, 2 GPs and supervisors intervention, 1 cohort study, and 2 clinical /organizational care services clustered randomized study. Overall, the methodological quality of these studies was poor, particularly with regard to the methods utilized and sample sizes however, combined programs of, practice based workshops with community and multi-faced educational program were the most effective. The continuous educational intervention program can improve the health professionals’ diagnosis and management knowledge, confidents and negative perception of dementia. HPs should be Interventions Aimed at Improving Knowledge, Detection Practices and Management of Dementia among Health Professionals. Dr. Pushkar Singh Raikhola1 Dr. Krishna Prasad Pathak2 Tara Gaire3 1 Monitoring Directorate, Tribhuban University, Nepal 2 Nepal Open University, Nepal. Alzheimer Related Dementia Society Nepal. 3 Department of Nursing, Innovative health science college THE SAPTAGANDAKI JOURNAL 2055 B.S. Review Article148 The Saptagandaki Journal / Vol.Xi / Issue 11/ November 2020 / ISSN 2594-3243 (Print) supported to improve their knowledge, tackle behavioral problems associated with dementia, be made aware of services and be enabled to engage in more early diagnosis in primary care. Further intervention program should address the cultural change to facilitate long term improvements. Educational intervention program is crucial to the health professionals to get close to the diagnostic confidence.
Youth are important change agents for social, political and economic issues. However, research evidence suggests that many youth, especially females, face many challenges in Nepal in reaching their social potential due to serious problems with educational access and attainment. This study examines the influence of educational attainment on achieving the social potential of Nepalese female youth through a secondary analysis of data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Results from this analysis show that one out of 10 female youth are illiterate and do not receive a formal education. Socio-demographic variables, such as marital status, caste, place of residence and wealth status were found to be major predictors for literacy status and educational attainment of female youth in Nepal. The findings from this study suggest that special attention should be paid to these critical variables for guiding educational and interventional planning by concerned authorities including stakeholders for improving the social potential, as well as the health and well-being of female youth in Nepal.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.