The issue of anemia in Indonesia still remains a homework for the Ministry of Health, as well as other related sectors. According to data from the Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) in 2013, there are 31% female adolescents in Indonesia who suffers from anemia. However, this number increased to 48.9% according to data from the Basic Health Research in 2018, with the most proportion of anemia found in the 15-24 and 24-34 age groups. These cases clearly confirms that the health state of adolescents highly determines the success of health development, especially in the effort to establish the quality of the next generation in the future. This research uses case control design, where the case group population are students at Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools located in the city of Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, whereas the control group population are students from Islamic Elementary Schools in the city of Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province. The statistic analysis being used is the multiple regression analysis to look for risk factor with the highest effect. This is a retrospective research, that is extracting past variable information from respondents so recall bias, which can cause wrong information, is at risk of occurance. Furthermore, the bias that might occur is that the respondent is bias by giving false answers. Another mistake is in the form of other cofounding variables not included in the research, which results in risk estimation value error.
Open defecation behavior is a problem for developing countries including Indonesia. This can cause a dirty environment and a source of transmission of diseases such as diarrhea and other infectious diseases. So there needs to be research that analyzes the risk factors for these behaviors. This study aims to analyze the relationship of knowledge and education level to defecation behavior in all areas. A total of 110 family heads were examined and selected using the proportional random sampling technique. The statistical analysis used is Chi Square. The results of the analysis found that there was a relationship between the level of education (value 0.041; OR = 2.576; 95% CI = 1.118-5,934) and knowledge (pvalue 0.001 OR = 4,000; 95% CI = 1.794-8,920) towards open defecation behavior. There needs to be an effort from various parties to be able to increase knowledge through periodic education and the use of health promotion media that can be accessed anytime and anywhere.
The implementation of SFA in Faculty of Health Science, it is influenced by the basic knowledge about health. Implementation of SFA has not been optimal, because the results of the preliminary survey show that 11% of students and employees of Health Science Faculty, have ever smoked and 89% have not ever smoked in surrounding its area, since the Dean’s provision was determined in 2007. The purposes of this research are to know supporting factors and inhibitor factors that influence the application of SFA. The research method uses a qualitative approach with phenomenology and the number of informants in this reserach were 6 (six) people, namely lecturer’s of UMS and students of organization Health Science Faculty. Informants were determined by purposive sampling method, and data were collected by using semistructured interview techniques. Finally, the results of this research revealed that the Faculty of Health Science has Decree’s Dean about SFA, the punishment of warning for smokers in SFA’s of Faculty of Health Science, UMS has a stop-smoking clinic and it has sponsor as supporting factor for SFA in Faculty of Health Science UMS. The inhibitor factors of SFA’s are lack of socialization, lack of education, stop-smoking clinic has not been maximized, many people still smoke in this faculty and the absence of a special task force of anti-smoking.
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