Now a days clinicians switch over to drug Clindamycin to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. Clindamycin is belonging to lincosamide group. As frequent use of this Clindamycin develops resistance among patients and ultimately treatment failure. Aim: This present research is done to identify type of resistance like inducible or constitutive macrolide lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB /cMLSB) resistance and MS (Macrolide lincosamide streptogramin) phenotypes among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various samples received in Microbiology laboratory of tertiary care hospital of south Gujarat. Materials and Methods: Among various samples total 232 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. And all these isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic sensitivity testing by kirbey bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detected by using Cefoxitin disc. D test is performed as per Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines on all isolates. Results: Total of 232 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, among them 109 were Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 123 were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Prevalence of iMLSB, cMLSB and MS phenotype were 59.34% ,15.44% and 13% in MRSA while 12.84%, 14.67% and 22.93% respectively in MSSA. Conclusion: This research helps to detect Clindamycin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus and role of D test before starting the treatment with Clindamycin. By these knowledge clinician can choose correct treatment and we can prevent a treatment failure.
Candida speciesis a part of commensalin healthy humans but they can cause opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals, patient admitted in ICUs(Intensive care units) and HIV patients. biofilm act as protective shield of microorganism. Candida species form most common fungal biofilm, which is extremely difficult to treat. Purpose: The biofilm forming candida is difficult to eradicate with usual antifungal drug and often cause chronic infections. Understanding of biofilm process is very important for effective control strategies of biofilm associated infections and improvement in patient management. Method:The observational cross sectional prospective study was conducted on forty patients samples including urine, BAL/sputum, blood culture, body fluids, pus, swab, indwelling devicesand tissue showing candida species growth. Biofilm was detected using pre-sterilized 96 well polystyrene microtitre plate method. Results: Among 40 isolates, 22 isolates were detected positive, whereas 18 isolates were negative for biofilm formation. C. tropicalis had formed maximum strong biofilms among all species isolated. These biofilm acts resisting antifungal treatment and withstanding the competitive pressure from other organisms, these are difficult to treat.Changing trend with shift toward non albicans. Conclusion:Candida tropicalis as the predominant pathogen causing candidia infectionsand it had highest capacity to form biofilm.
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