In providing solution for lifting the viscous oil which is immensely concerned in mature field, thermal recovery is commonly applied to recover the oil with API gravities approximately 20 0API by using steam injection and in situ combustion. It had been the way out to lower enough the viscosity so that the oil would flow toward more effortless than the viscous one for the recent times. Applying electromagnetic microwave to heat up the reservoir can overcome the depth limitation which is often found in conventional thermal recovery methods. This method uses the Nano-ferro fluid as a stimulant that conveniently radiate heat in a reservoir. It is important to analyse the brine formation in affecting the optimization of thermal period while the Nano-ferro fluid being directly introduced to formation fluid. Therefore, NaCl solution becomes variable which was used to represent brine formation in investigating the heating time of saturated artificial cores. Meanwhile optimal concentration of Nano-ferro had been recognized. The microwave was also varied in sequence of power, 378-Watt, 468-Watt, 657-Watt, 792 Watt, and 900 Watt. For example, applying 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm, and 350,000 ppm in performing investigation that would give significant performance while thermal process. When 657 Watt was set to heat up the compartment contained artificial core, the temperature could reach up to 90 °C in 110 seconds, 82 seconds, and 54 seconds consecutively from low to high NaCl solution. In that way, the sensitivity of this variable was proved that NaCl solution greatly affect the temperature increment in times. Furthermore, this research can be considerable study in finding out the behaviour of formation fluid which contribute in optimizing for Nano-ferro fluid thermal recovery.
In Indonesia, people have long been produced Eichhornia Crassipes Plant (ECP) stalks as raw materials for handicraft products. Other research has demonstrated that the tensile testing of individual fibers provides relevant data to assess their integrity in drilling mud. Whilst data on the mechanical properties of other natural fibers used as lost circulation material in drilling mud have been collected, the behavior of ECP is unknown. This study proposes an alternative solution to combat the vast growth of this invasive species through utilizing it as lost circulation material for oil and gas drilling operations. The plant fragments studied originated from plant stalks and were extracted as individual fibers. The study describes tensile tests to characterize stiffness and strength. Mechanical tests were conducted on ECP fibers to determine their stiffness under dried and water-wet conditions. Initial tensile tests on nylon fiber determined potential experimental artifacts with the experimental approach. The dried fibers had a water content of 8.163 wt. % (SE 0.636), whereas the wet fibers were 93.43 wt.% (SE 0.294). Water wet fibers had a lower modulus of elasticity than dried fibers and therefore, dried fibers have less tensile strength than wet fibers (Mean = 45.16 M Pa-SE = 5.023-N = 41).
The carbon dioxide is a common impurity to the natural gas production which causing equipment failures due to corrosion and natural gas calorific content decreased. Gathering Station of PT Pertamina EP Asset XY has significant carbon dioxide concentration on its natural gas production. However, installing an amine unit is not an option due to low operating pressures and cost of compression process. This study investigates stripping process of CO2 gas saturated on a gas well stream production through absorbent contacting mechanism with a laboratory-scale of contacting column tower that contains zeolite and activated carbon under ambient condition. In this study, carbon dioxide filtering process was carried out with three prototype models. Horizontally layered column, vertically inserted tubing column and horizontally layered column packed with active carbon. The first model is a Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) column tower with four stratified trays where each level has packed 250 grams of zeolite. The second model is a tubular PVC column contains 8 inserted small tubing where each of tubing was poured with a zeolite 250 grams capacity. Meanwhile, the third model is similar with first model, however, each tray level contains as much as 250 grams of activated carbon. The effluent gas from diesel and gasoline combustion engines were used as samples due to global pandemic condition. The result as follows: CO2 level decreased 0.9-1.0 percent for prototype model I and 0.8 -0.9% for the model II. The third model has significance impact reduces smoke concentration on effluent gas from diesel combustion engine. The study shows significance role of zeolite to be determined as CO2 removal in sour gas on oil and gas production.
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