Background Most mobile pharmaceutical applications produced for people with visual disabilities in Thailand fail to meet the required standard due to poor-quality regulations, defective design, lack of user support and impracticality; as a result, visually-impaired people are unable to use them. This research is motivated by the limited use of this technology in primary medical services and its aim is to enable people with disabilities to access effective digital health information. The research objective is to analyse, design and develop a mobile pharmaceutical application with functions that are appropriate for visually-impaired users, and test its usability. Results Based on the design and development of the application, it contained five necessary functions. When testing the usability and users’ satisfaction, it was found that the input or fill of information in the application was of low usability. According to the test results, the medicinal database function was missing 71 times and the voice command function was missing 34 times. Based on users’ satisfaction results, users who had the highest level of usage gave higher average scores to users’ attitude, users’ confidence, user interface and system performance than those with lower levels of usage. The scores of both groups were found to be the same when discussing the implementation of the development. Conclusions This mobile application, which was developed based on the use of smart technology, will play an important role in supporting visually-impaired people in Thailand by enhancing the efficacy of self-care. The design and development of the application will ensure the suitability of many functions for visually-impaired users. However, despite the high functional capacity of the application, the gap in healthcare services between the general public and disabled groups will still exist if users have inadequate IT skills.
Abstract-Nowadays, pharmaceutical mobile applications are widely used. Several features and functionality play an important role to support the real needs of users especially in primary medication. Users' behaviors in the modern world have changed where users may prefer to access drug information using search engines via the Internet rather than consulting with professionals like pharmacists, doctors or experts. However, the drug information that users retrieve from the internet sources may provide inaccurate, incomplete or unreliable information.The questions are: can we decrease this phenomenon? Suppose that we are applying an application to a content provider, which application functionalities are suitable for users and support their real needs? Can the application encourage users to gather drug information via the application instead of searching via the internet sites? The proposed study aimed to develop a Pharmacy Assistant Mobile Application (PAMA) based on necessarily required features and functionalities which are designed and operate on the iOS operation system. The application performance has been tested and measured regarding the graphic user interface and the system acceptance level.The experimental results have been reviewed and an issue has been found which needs to be considered as an important factor when developing a healthcare mobile application for the real uses.
<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">As clinical treatments for type-2 diabetes patients using mobile application on smartphones have become more widely practiced, the technology has enabled patients to easily control and monitor their blood sugar levels themselves. Although, the technology development provides more options to improve type-2 diabetes treatment, not all applications developed are suitable for the real treatment as there might be different situations and treatments for different cases.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpMiddle">Research questions occurred while attempting to develop a diabetes mobile application as a supportive learning and self-monitoring tool. These research questions are the followings: How are patients enabled to use the diabetes mobile application effectively? And what are necessary functions of the mobile application for diabetes? The objective of this research are (1) to analysis, design, and development of a type-2 diabetes mobile application (T2DM) (2) to test the application.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpMiddle">The method starts with collecting users’ requirements from diabetes experts, type-2 diabetes patients and their relatives for using the type-2 diabetes literacy-learning tool. Five qualified diabetes experts and five pairs of diabetes patients with their relatives were investigated for gathering users’ requirements that lead to necessary functions for the development. After the T2DM is completely developed, 18 medical staffs and 20 diabetes patients and patient relatives tested the T2DM by using the application.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpLast">Conclusion: When designing the more effective T2DM, developing of necessary functions by users’ involvement ensures that requirements were analyzed and tested. It has been found that the nutrition function is the most significant piece of information for the T2DM, and also the key point of the development. At the same time, the functions for blood sugar recording and information sending are the most supportive and helpful functions for users.</p>
Abstract-The challenge of this research is to answer the question of what the real need of users regarding the development of a smartphone-based software for healthcare application. This study aimed to develop the nonprescription drugs mobile health application (NMMHA) to support users in the initial medication. The application has been released to evaluate tested its usability and satisfaction. To ensure the NMMHA is going to perform well, a survey has been conducted to collect data about the opinions of two groups of responders (pharmacists and general people). An attitude test and statistical analysis have also been accomplished for both groups to determine the differentiation between the two groups. The impressive results indicate that the group of general peoples tend to use the application more than the group of pharmacists, whereas the overall attitude test results of the two groups are not different.
Background Imipenem remains active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. This study aimed to evaluate chemical stability of imipenem in 2 commonly used concentrations when stored in 3 various temperatures. Methods Imipenem injection powder was used to prepare 5 mL and 10 mg/mL of imipenem in .9% sodium chloride solution. Prepared solutions in PVC bags were stored at 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C. The solutions were investigated over 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours using HPLC analysis. The association between drug stability, temperature, and concentration was determined. Results The 5 mg/mL solutions of brand A and B imipenem mL were stable for 6 hours at 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C, respectively. For 10 mg/mL, the solution of brand A was stable for 3 hours and brand B was stable for 6 hours at 25°C. Also, brand A and B imipenem solutions at the concentration of 10 mg/mL were stable for less than 1 hour at 30°C and 40°C. Conclusion The stability of imipenem injection solution was affected by temperature and concentration. Increasing in temperature and drug concentration resulted in decreased stability of imipenem. Suitable temperature and drug concentration should be concerned when this drug is given by extended infusion.
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