Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are one of the fastest growing anticancer drugs. This approach comprises a mAb conjugated to the cytotoxic payload via a chemical linker that directed toward a target antigen expressed on the cancer cell surface, reducing systemic exposure and therefore toxicity. ADCs are complex molecules that require careful attention to various components. Selection of an appropriate target, an mAb, cytotoxic payload, and the manner in which the antibody is linked to the payload are key determinants of the safety and efficacy of ADCs. This review provides an overview of the systemic evaluation of each component of an ADC design, improved understanding of the mechanism of action of ADC, and mechanistic pathways involved in ADC resistance and various strategies to optimize ADC design. Moreover, this review also shed light on the current status of ADCs that have gained regulatory approval from the FDA including a description of biology and chemistry, metabolic profiles, adverse events, drug interactions, and the future perspective on combination strategies with other agents, including immunotherapy.

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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Category III Prostatitis, also known as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), remains an enigma for many patients and practitioners. According to the leucocytes' presence in prostatic secretions, CP/CPPS is sub-classified as NIH category III-A (inflammatory type) and NIH category III-B (noninflammatory type) (Krieger et al., 1999). Overall, it has been assessed that 4.5%-9% of men in elderly patients have been diagnosed with prostatitis, and the recurrence rate is greater than 50% (Clemens et al., 2007; Polackwich & Shoskes, 2016). In the daily practice of urology, it is one of the most common diseases and is characterised by relentless deterioration of quality of life, persistent recurrence and high prevalence (Liang et al., 2009). Among the patients with prostatitis, more than 90%-95% are likely to have CP/CPPS (Khan, Ihsan, Khan, et al., 2017). CP/CPSS is considered to be the result of mutual intervention between psychological factors and mental, neurological and endocrine system diseases (Pontari &