Glucose-responsive
delivery of antidiabetic molecules is gaining
scientific attention as one of the promising strategies for maintaining
normoglycemia and reducing the risk of overdose associated with the
molecule. However, the water-insoluble antidiabetic molecules are
not studied yet to deliver in a glucose-sensitive way. Herein, we
examined the glucose-responsive delivery of vitamin K (VK) by using
dextran-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized
with 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA). The VK was loaded inside
the pores of MSN-CPBA by physical adsorption, and the loading capacity
of MSN-CPBA was 206.7 μg/mg (w/w). The pores of the nanoparticles
were capped by using dextran via binding with CPBA, and the dextran-caps
were untethered in the presence of glucose by competing with dextran
to CPBA allowing the release of VK. The release of VK was 19.48 μg/mL
in a cell-free system and 1.5 and 0.99 μg/mL in muscle and liver
cells, respectively, in exposure to 25 mM glucose. The system not
only delivered the VK in a glucose-dependent manner but also significantly
improved the bioavailability thereof. The finding showed the promising
therapeutic potential of MSN-CPBA-VK-Dex in reducing hyperglycemia
in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The MSN-CPBA-based dextran-gated
delivery system would be a promising therapeutic strategy to increase
the bioavailability and stimuli-responsive delivery of antidiabetic
molecules for managing diabetes mellitus over conventional approaches.
A series of WO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposites were prepared by following a facile, cost-effective chemical rote and characterized by different techniques. They are promising photocatalyst with high potential for solar light harvesting and environmental remediation.
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