This study investigated the anticancer effects of embelin in human gastric cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Gastric cancer cells were treated with embelin and 5-FU for methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay and flow cytometric detection of cell viability and apoptosis. Protein pathway array (PPA) and Western blot were used to investigate differentially expressed proteins in embelin-treated gastric cancer cells. Embelin reduced gastric cancer cell viability, induced apoptosis, and enhanced 5-FU antitumor activity in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, embelin induced cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Molecularly, embelin downregulated expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and cell cycle-regulatory proteins, such as CDK1, CDC25B, CDC25C, cyclinB1, and CDK2. PPA analysis showed that embelin modulated several pathways that are associated with cell growth and apoptosis, such as PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, p38 MAPK, and p53. The data from the current study implied that reduction of gastric cancer cell viability after treatment with embelin was through cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases and apoptosis.
Transvaginal or transanal extraction in L-TME is a safe and effective procedure. Natural orifice specimen extraction can avoid the abdominal wall incision and its potential complications.
BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that different genotypes of PTPN11 gene (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor 11) were associated with different levels of serum lipids. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTPN11 and serum lipids in Northeast Chinese.MethodsA total of 1003 subjects, 584 males and 419 females, were included in the study and their serum lipids were determined. Five htSNPs (rs2301756, rs12423190, rs12229892, rs7958372 and rs4767860) of PTPN11 gene were genotyped using TaqMan assay method.ResultsAll of the five SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The male subjects had higher triglyceride (TG), higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level than females. In males, rs4767860 was found to be associated with serum TG and total cholesterol (TC) levels and rs12229892 was associated with TC level. However, these significant associations could not be observed in females. In females, rs2301756 was found to be associated with TG and rs7958372 was associated with LDL-C level. Haplotype analysis showed that the GCGTG haplotype was associated with slightly higher TG level and ATGCG with higher TC level.ConclusionsSNPs of PTPN11 may play a role in serum lipids in a sex-specific pattern. However, more studies are needed to confirm the conclusion and explore the underlying mechanism.
Background. Visceral myopathy is rare pathological condition of gastrointestinal tract with uncertain clinical presentation and unknown etiology. It often presents with symptoms of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction of colon. We report a case of visceral myopathy which presented to us as acute appendicitis and Ogilvie syndrome, and we managed it surgically. Method and Result. A case report of 20-year female clinically presented as acute appendicitis and we performed laparoscopic exploration which revealed inflamed appendix with grossly dilated ascending colon. We performed laparoscopic appendectomy and postoperatively managed the patients with IV fluids, antibiotics, neostigmine, and extended length rectal tube for enema and decompression. During postoperative period, she developed abdomen distension and peritonitis, and we ordered abdomen CT which revealed colon pseudo- obstruction. We performed right hemicolectomy with permanent ileostomy, and the histopathology reports of resected colon were visceral myopathy. Conclusion. Visceral myopathy is very rare group of disease and poorly understood condition that may present with chronic or acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction and often mimic other more common gastrointestinal disease. VM should be considered as differential diagnosis whenever the patient presents with acute appendicitis, uncharacteristic abdominal symptoms, recurrent attacks of abdominal distention, and pain with no radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction.
Background: The mainstay of treatment for penile cancer is Penectomy with inguinal lymph node dissection following risk stratification followed by chemo-radiotherapy. Despite satisfactory oncological result, penile surgery has significant impact on patient’s functional and sexual quality of life. This retrospective analysis is to evaluate sexual and functional outcome of patient after curative treatment and its possible associations with clinic-pathological characteristics. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 of histologically confirmed cases of carcinoma penis. Clinical and pathological characteristic data included age, history of smoking, clinical presentation, anatomical site, presence of lymph nodes or distant metastasis, primary tumor size (pT ) and TNM staging, surgery involved, length of remaining penile shaft, histopathological type, chemotherapy and radiotherapy patient received and follow ups time. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was used to assess sexual function which encompasses five questions and addresses the relevant domains of male sexual function respectively erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction and Urinary function were noted during follow up . Result: Among the cases, 64 cases were pathologically proven for penile cancer. The age of patient entering the study group included from 22 years to 88 years with mean age of 58.75±12.30 years. All patients except one were married and sexually active prior to treatment. Vast majority of the patients 63 (98.4%) were not circumcised and majority of cases 42 (65.64%) were smoker. The mean size of the tumor was 3.25±1.208 cm. Majority of patients 54(84.4%) underwent partialam putation of penis while 2(3.1%) patients had undergone total amputation of penis. The multivariate analysis of different factors showed that T staging ≥ T2 and penile shaft(cm) <3cm were independent risk factors for sexual dysfunctions (odds ratio = 13.64; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-181.005), and (odds ratio = 0.03; 95% confidence interval = 00-0.05) respectively. Out of 56 cases, 33(58.9%) had different grades of sexual dysfunction where 15(26.8%) cases were severe, 5(8.9%) cases were moderate, 8(14.3%) cases were mild to moderate and 5(8.9%) cases were mild. 23 (41.1%) cases who did not have any form of sexual dysfunction. One (1.8%) case had urethral stricture, 3(5.4%) cases had meatal stenosis, 2(3.6%) cases had penile edema and 4 (7.1%) cases had penile discoloration. Conclusions: Amputation of penis with inguinal lymph node dissection which is necessary for curative intent of the disease is disfiguring and has a profound and lasting sexual dysfunction, voiding problems, penile appearance and cosmetic problems, all of which may adversely affect the patient’s quality of life. Emphasis on preventive aspects and early detection should be emphasized to get rid of this disease.
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