Oxide ferroelectric materials based on ABO3 structure possess net electric polarization at zero applied fields that give rise to new photovoltaic concepts. One of the peculiar properties which is specific...
Herein, we present the strategy to introduce above room temperature non-centrosymmetry in two-dimensional halide double perovskites (A’4M’M’’X8) using halogenated A’-site organic linker, 3-chloro/bromo propyl amine. These crystals exhibit anisotropic polarization...
Tuning the dimensionality in halide perovskites provides
an opportunity
to obtain the properties desired for optoelectronic devices. In this
work, we demonstrate the dimensional reduction of 3D halide double-perovskite
Cs2AgBiBr6 by systematically introducing alkylammonium
organic spacer CH3(CH2)
n
NH3
+ (n = 1, 2, 3, and
6) of varying chain lengths. The single crystals of these materials
were grown, and their structures were studied at 23 and −93
°C. The ethylammonium cation led to a formation of a 0D material,
whereas all the other three higher alkyl ammonium spacers resulted
in two-dimensional materials. The parent material possessed symmetric
octahedra, whereas the modified samples led to both inter- and intra-octahedral
distortion, thereby reducing the symmetry of constituent octahedra.
The reduction in dimensionality led to a blue shift in the optical
absorption spectrum. All these low-dimensional materials show excellent
stability, and they are employed as absorbers for solar photovoltaics.
Pretreatment of the fruit, food and vegetable waste materials could enhance the biogas generation in a shorter time along with waste reduction. The aim of the present work was to assess the effectiveness of alkaline, hydrothermal, thermal and ultrasonication pretreatment of fruit, food, and vegetable waste with cow dung for the mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion. The mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of fruit food and vegetable waste as single substrate with cow dung were performed in a laboratory scale 1L batch digester for 30 days at 40 ± 2 oC temperature. Obtained result show that pretreatment process has enhanced the biogas and biomethane production by 35 % and 44.4 % with 19.89 % TS and 17.30 % VS removal in case of ultrasonication pretreatment (100.45 ml biogas/gVS and 27.92 ml CH4/gVS,), while slight increase is found with thermal and hydrothermal pretreatment as compared to untreated FFVW. The biogas production is enhanced by 35%, 20.4%, 5%, 6% and biomethane production are enhanced by 44.4%, 22%, 11%, 9.8% in the case of ultrasonication, alkaline, thermal and hydrothermal pretreatment process, respectively. The stable mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion operation was achieved and impacts of the different pretreatment methods on the biogas yield and net energy recovery along with viability of anaerobic co-digestion have been explored.
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