Ephedra gerardiana is critically endangered and one of the most important medicinal plant of Trans-Himalaya of Ladakh. It is majorly used medicinal plant of Ayurveda, Sowa-Rigpa, Unani, Homeopathy, Siddha, Allopathy and other traditional medical systems, hence it is very important to understand its density, and cultivation technique for effective sustainable collection, conservation and utilization. The three valleys of Ladakh viz., Indus, Suru and Nubra valleys were analysed for the population census where the density of the species were ranges between 0.2-3.85 ind/m2 revealed the degree of threat of the species. Germplasm collected from different locations were studied for cultivation packages and practices in three conditions such as polycarbonate greenhouse, trench greenhouse and open field as controlled. We observed that the highest germination percentage (82.67±3.79) and survivability percentage (75.67±4.04) in polycarbonate greenhouse followed by trench greenhouse (58.00±2.00) (50.67±1.53) after 30 minutes of hot water treatment, sown in farm yard manure (FYM), clean sand, clay soil and sandy soil in the ration of 2:1:1:1. Morphological characters such as plant height (7.00±1.00), number of leaves (31.67±1.53) and root length (18.33±1.53) were also observed highest in polycarbonate greenhouse. Owing to its potential uses in the region and other part of the world make the species under threat. Results provide the comprehensive information about this valuable species for cultivation, ethnobotany, and population census for conservation of E. gerardiana critically endangered medicinal plant of Himalaya.
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