Abstrak One of Indonesian national education goals is to educate the intellectual life of the nation which is embodied in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution.Education plays a very central role to PENDAHULUANKemajuan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) saat ini layaknya kebutuhan primer yang terus digali oleh banyak negara maju dan berkembang. Hal ini tampak pada aktivitas penelitian para ilmuwan di berbagai belahan dunia serta upaya publikasi hasil penelitian dalam jurnal ilmiah internasional. Berdasarkan situs SCImago Journal & Country Rank, sebuah portal database jurnal ilmiah internasional dari Scopus, Indonesia berada di peringkat ke-57 di dunia dalam peringkat publikasi jurnal ilmiah terhitung dari tahun 1996 hingga tahun 2015. Peringkat ini sangat jauh dibanding dengan negara tetangga seperti China yang berada di peringkat kedua setelah Amerika. Dalam dekade terakhir ini, China mengalami peningkatan pesat dalam menghasilkan penelitian hingga mencapai lima kali lipat tiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan indeks Scopus tersebut menunjukkan bahwa prestasi Indonesia masih jauh tertinggal dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Studi sebelumnya memaparkan bahwa prestasi dalam ilmu pengetahuan sangat dipengaruhi oleh adanya sikap positif terhadap ilmu pengetahuan (attitude toward science) (Osborne et al, 2003;Papanastasiou & Zembylas, 2004;Narmadha& Chamundeswari, 2013;Dosanjh, 2015).Sikap terhadap ilmu pengetahuan (attitude toward science) adalah seperangkat perilaku afektif terhadap ilmu pengetahuan yang berisi aspek sikap yang senang terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan profesi ilmuwan, menikmati pengalaman belajar ilmu pengetahuan, bersikap ilmiah, penyelidikan ilmiah, berkembangnya minat dalam berkarir di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan aktivitas yang berkaitan dengannya (Klopfer, 1971).
Critical thinking skill was needed since problems in daily life required a solution. To solve the problems, the students collect the data as a consideration in making the right decision. Moreover, the students also need good critical thinking skills. To develop a good critical thinking skill, the researcher develops a textbook of Complex Analysis and Application, especially in complex numbers. In this research, a qualitative investigation was carried out in the development of the textbook. This textbook supports the mathematics education students of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan in learning complex analysis course. Researchers did a walkthrough to the expert in assessing the content and construct to validate the textbook. The development model used by researchers is a 4-D model. A 4-D model used in this study is consists of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. In defining, the researcher adequate materials related to the complex numbers such as the rational number and real number and its properties in addition and multiplication. In designing, some explanation in the textbook is followed by Why and How questions. Open questions are used to stimulate the students’ critical thinking. Based on the walkthrough result, some notation in the textbook, especially mathematics symbols, must be revised using a proper mathematics equation. In addition, some concept should be clearly defined such as where the value of . As a result of the validity construct, the explanation given in the textbook used a step-by-step exercise. In disseminating, the students can easily access the textbook and answer the questions using their reasoning. The textbook is valid and readable.
One of the encryption algorithms is the Hill Cipher. The square key matrix in the Hill Cipher method must have an inverse modulo. The unimodular matrix is one of the few matrices that must have an inverse. A unimodular matrix can be utilized as a key in the encryption process. This research aims to demonstrate that there is another approach to protect text message data. Symmetric cryptography is the sort of encryption utilized. A Bernoulli Map is used to create a unimodular matrix. To begin, the researchers use an identity matrix to generate a unimodular matrix. The Bernoulli Map series of real values in (0,1) is translated to integers between 0 and 255. The numbers are then inserted into the unimodular matrix's top triangular entries. To acquire the full matrix as the key, the researchers utilize Elementary Row Operations. The data is then encrypted using modulo matrix multiplication.
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