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Clitocybe maxima (Gartn. ex Mey. Fr.) Quél. is a favorable edible fungi species. The proportion of its stipe is about 45% of entire fruit biomass, which is a low value defined byproduct. To increase its value added utilization, three extraction methods (as hot water, microwave-assisted and complex-enzyme-hydrolysis-assist) were conducted. The extraction effect on the polysaccharide of Clitocybe maxima stipe was compared and the processing conditions in extraction were optimized. The content of polysaccharide was determined with Phenol Sulfuric Acid Method. With three methods, the extraction yield and the polysaccharide amount were different greatly, which were 5.86 and 40.23% for hot water extraction, 9.4 and 52.62% for microware-assist extraction, 10.26 and 53.13% for complex-enzyme-hydrolysis extraction, respectively. Results indicated that the complex-enzyme-hydrolysis-assist extraction was the optimal approach used for extracting polysaccharide from Clitocybe maxima stipe. It showed with the advantages in high efficiency, energy and running time saving.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of the addition of passion fruit peel flour (PFPF) from two different species to biscuits. Each PFPF was added to biscuit flour in different amounts (wheat flour replacement rate: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The colour and textural properties of the doughs and biscuits were evaluated. The physical characteristics, sensory characteristics and dietary fibre content of the biscuits were tested. Both types of PFPF show a higher fat absorption capacity (2.44 g/g (yellow) and 2.38 g/g (purple)). The results showed that the PFPF could significantly improve the texture of the prepared biscuits but showed an adverse effect on the colour. This study has shown that incorporation of PFPF (5%) can produce fibre-rich (TDF, 2.05% and 2.08%) biscuits with low water content (2.20% and 2.28%), excellent texture characteristics (Firmness, 13.18 N and 15.68 N) and good sensory quality.