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Electrom y ogram (EMG) activit y from the extensor and flexor muscles of the forearm was sensed with high-densit y surface electrode arra y s and related to the force produced at the four fingertips during constant-posture, slowl y force-var y ing contractions from three health y subjects. Various electrode montages (spatial filters) and number of electrodes used in the s y stem identification were studied. Average errors were small, ranging from 4.21 to 8.10 %MVCF (flexion maximum voluntar y contraction), with errors trending lower when more EMG channels were used and when a monopolar electrode montage was selected. Results are supportive that multiple degrees of freedom of proportional control information are available from the surface EMG of the forearm, at least in intact subjects.Applications for future stud y include the control of prosthetic upper limb devices in amputees.

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We examine the impact of a scandal on the information content in the "Heard on the Street" column of the Wall Street Journal. Following the scandal in 1984, the column is found to have a reduced impact on stock prices for both buy and sell recommendations. However, the stock price response to information later published in the column before the publication day is smaller for the post-scandal period. This result suggests that after the scandal, editors and authors may have become more cautious in guarding against information leaks in the column. The scandal does not appear to have changed the impact of the column on trading volume.