A b s t r a k t: W artykule dokonano przeglądu najnowszych publikacji amerykańskich dotyczących historii Kościoła katolickiego w XX w. Omówione prace wpisują się w nurt intellectual history, stanowiąc próbę prześledzenia rożnych nurtów myśli katolickiej, które kulminację osiągnęły w czasie Soboru Watykańskiego II. Analiza amerykańskich opracowań pozwala wskazać następujące cechy opisywanego podejścia do historii Kościoła: koncentracja na aktorach świeckich, docenienie nurtów kontestujących ortodoksję i konserwatywne nurty w Kościele oraz omówienie doświadczenia krajów, w których katolicyzm funkcjonował w sporze z innymi nurtami myśli (Francja, Niemcy). S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: modernizm katolicki, intellectual history, religia i polityka, Sobór Watykański II. A b s t r a c t: The article is a survey of the most recent American publications on the history of the Catholic Church in the twentieth century. The analysed works are part of the intellectual history, and seek to trace various trends of Catholic thought that culminated during
Interviewing is both about science and art. What is your experience with this research method? Which of your lessons can be used for the 3R project and maybe by other budding researchers1? Georges Mink: Let me go back to the time of my university studies. My scientific history starts at the time when social sciences were subject to major ideological pressures and research methodology was marked by clashes between positivists, on the one hand, and Marxists and post-Marxists thinkers as proponents of qualitative methods on the other. I witnessed these clashes during my early years at the University of Warsaw where I was the student of Stefan Nowak and Zygmunt Bauman. The former, a positivist, valued more standardized quantitative methodologies which resembled a laboratory-type approach. On the other hand, there was the 1 This paper was written within the framework of the "3 Revolutions" project implemented by the College of Europe in Natolin.
Given the importance of mass protests in the recent history of Ukraine, the 3 Revolutions project aimed to analyze the three most significant waves of protests which have taken place in Ukraine since 1990: the Revolution on Granite (1990); the Orange Revolution (2004-2005); and the Euromaidan Revolution (2013-2014)1. The last three decades in the history of Ukraine have been marked by three powerful waves of protests in the Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti) in Kyiv, whose scale and impact have attracted the attention of an international public opinion. The Revolution on Granite in 1990 was the first of these protests, leading, for the first time in the history of the USSR, to a high-ranking official's resignation under the pressure of public opinion, and paving the way for the revolutionary demonstrations of the following years. The revolutions of 2004-2005 and of 2013-2014 were exceptional in terms of their scale and impact on EU and American policies in the region. In particular, the events of 2013-2014, internationally known as "Euromaidan", were met with wide European and international
The article aims at identifying and analysing the particularities of the federalist ideas of Polish clandestine catholic organisation the Union. In 1943 the group merged with the Christian-democratic Labour Party (SP) becoming its ideological centre. Throughout the Second World War the Union produced a series of programmatic documents and clandestine press where it discussed the shape of future Europe which was to become a pan-federation of regional federations cemented by the common values and principles enshrined in Christianity which were the foundations of Western civilization. In elaborating future plans for Europe, the Union drew explicitly from the memory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth setting it as an example for modern Poland and other European States. Historical Poland was perceived not just as a state but as a “normative power”, this was possible because the Union rejected the modern, ‘westphalian’ concept of state. Instead it advocated creation of a pluralistic federation of nations bound together by common values, where national egoisms were mitigated by common Christian values.
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