The qualities of indoor signal reception are governed by the mechanism of reflection, refraction, diffraction and The qualities of indoor signal reception are governed by the mechanism of reflection, refraction, diffraction and The qualities of indoor signal reception are governed by the mechanism of reflection, refraction, diffraction and The qualities of indoor signal reception are governed by the mechanism of reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering of signal propagation through buildings which are dependent on the material of the building scattering of signal propagation through buildings which are dependent on the material of the building scattering of signal propagation through buildings which are dependent on the material of the building scattering of signal propagation through buildings which are dependent on the material of the building structure. structure. structure. structure.
A spherical shape ultra-wideband antenna is a microstrip patch antenna whose emitted signal bandwidth exceeds the lesser of 500 MHz. One of the major issues hindering the ultrawideband antennas is poor diversity factors, poor voltage standing wave ratio and poor power efficiency to transmit the required signals. In this research work, the method of approach is the design and analysis of a spherical shape ultra-wideband antenna with the use of computer simulation technology (CST). This antenna is working under the resonant frequency of 6 GHz on a frequency bandwidth of 4-9 GHz. However, this research work has made an intensive review of related works. A spherical shape microstrip antenna with a diameter of 13mm and a radius of 6.5mm was designed, after which a simulation was carried out using the computer simulation technology software. The result from the radiated power shows how high the radiative efficiency is and from the results we were able to observe that the ultra-wideband antenna uses a very low amount of power but can transmit a better outgoing power from the 0.5 watts stimulated power. In this research work, an evaluation process on the envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna sparameters was carried out, with a good result was obtained. Most importantly the diversity gain of the antenna proves to be good and efficient due to the effectiveness of the antenna radiation efficiency. The results of this antenna produce a very good voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), the voltage standing wave ratio of this spherical ultra-wideband antenna is less than 2% with a very low return loss reflection. In conclusion, the spherical shape antenna is good for ultra-wideband purposes because of its robustness in delivering high-quality signals with a very low return loss. So, it stands the chance of recommendations in the communication industries due to its high radiation efficiency rate and good VSWR.
The introduction of 4G LTE communication technology was basically designed to meet the increasing demand by users for high-quality multimedia services, data communication speed and improved quality of service (QOS). It is pertinent to note that, with an ever-increasing subscriber base, it is essential to assess and analyze the network performance. To perform this task, there is a need to use the key performance indicators (KPI). This research study evaluates KPI's gathered from field measurements, using a statistical approach to establish the performance and determine the present condition of the quality of service offered by a 4G LTE network in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In this study, a drive test approach was adopted to measure the KPI's and analysis was achieved with the use of TEMs Discovery software adopting a statistical approach. The result showed the value range of the measured KPI's were; RSSI (-90, -49.7dBm), RSRP (-117.7, -68.6 dBm), RSRQ (-14.2, -22.8dB) representing minimum and maximum values. The probability distribution of the various KPI's showed that the best signal ranges were distributed as 38.21%, 69.63% and 65.63% for RSSI, RSRP and RSRQ respectively. The KPI parameters were within the acceptable range, though require optimization to provide better service for a greater population.
In this paper, the technique of multiplicity was used to analyse GSM network capacity in Nigeria. An evaluation of Enhanced stochastic knapsack was used as an approach for resource sharing in multiservice by adopting the Erlang Loss Model in analyzing the SMS capacity. The offered traffic that is Lost Traffic based was used to dimension the system resources. To actualize this work, measurements were conducted in Benin City and Port Harcourt to determine the best signal characterization of the southern part of Nigeria. Based on the measurement data, a model was developed to predict the traffic intensity of the region. Comparisons were carried out on the different types of frequency hopping and the variant DFH based power was applied in improving the spectral efficiency of the network. The results showed that the spectral efficiency increased, as the number of cell per cluster decreased. The optimal value of the number of cell in the cluster caused reduced interference, since the reduced interference could allow the users to achieve higher rates.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.